DLPX-95062 simplify challenge-response package build

[sebroy]

The challenge-response linux-pkg package build is needlessly complex. The linux-pkg framework provides a set of default functions for performing the most common tasks:

1. Installing dependencies in the prepare phase using information from the debian control file (install_build_deps_from_control_file)
2. Building the package using standard debian tooling (dpkg_buildpackage_default)

Instead of using these convenience functions, the challenge-response package uses its own set of custom commands and Makefile-based build (which itself calls into debian commands). This can be simplified.

This PR is inter-dependent with https://www.github.com/delphix/challenge-response/pull/9.

The output of this package build is a debian file with the following format and contents:

delphix@ip-10-110-206-237:~/linux-pkg$ dpkg -c packages/challenge-response/tmp/artifacts/pam-challenge-response_1.0.0-1delphix.2025.08.08.19.15_amd64.deb
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2025-08-08 19:16 ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2025-08-08 19:16 ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2025-08-08 19:16 ./usr/lib/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2025-08-08 19:16 ./usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2025-08-08 19:16 ./usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/
-rw-r--r-- root/root     18704 2025-08-08 19:16 ./usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/pam_challenge_response.so
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2025-08-08 19:16 ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2025-08-08 19:16 ./usr/share/doc/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2025-08-08 19:16 ./usr/share/doc/pam-challenge-response/
-rw-r--r-- root/root       187 2025-08-08 19:16 ./usr/share/doc/pam-challenge-response/changelog.Debian.gz
-rw-r--r-- root/root       152 2025-08-08 19:16 ./usr/share/doc/pam-challenge-response/copyright
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2025-08-08 19:16 ./usr/share/pam-configs/
-rw-r--r-- root/root       162 2025-08-08 19:16 ./usr/share/pam-configs/challenge-response

ab-pre-push (contains changes for both inter-dependent PRs): https://selfservice-jenkins.eng-tools-prd.aws.delphixcloud.com/job/appliance-build-orchestrator-pre-push/11888/

The upgrade test failed, but upgrades to develop are generally broken right now. I did verify that the pam-challenge-response module is correctly upgraded in the verify container. Something else is broken with upgrade verify (unrelated to this change).

[prakashsurya]

nice!

[willguyette]

LGTM