perf(cbor): for encoding numbers, bigints, and dates

[BlackAsLight]

This pull request offers performance improvements to the encoding of numbers, BigInts and dates into the cbor format. The current version of cbor appears to beat msgpack in small numbers but perform worse with larger numbers. These changes cause cbor to have the same performance for small numbers and better performance for larger numbers. Beating msgpack in all ranges.

I did try similar changes with Uint8Array and Arrays, but Arrays did worse overall. For Uint8Arrays, I was able to get a performance boost for small lengths of data, but very easily worse for large lengths of data. There was also a breaking change with encoding Uint8Arrays for one to get that performance boost.

Benchmark Source Code

• std/cbor/deno.json

{
  "name": "@std/cbo",
  "version": "0.1.2",
  "exports": {
    ".": "./mod.ts",
    "./array-encoder-stream": "./array_encoder_stream.ts",
    "./byte-encoder-stream": "./byte_encoder_stream.ts",
    "./decode-cbor-sequence": "./decode_cbor_sequence.ts",
    "./decode-cbor": "./decode_cbor.ts",
    "./encode-cbor-sequence": "./encode_cbor_sequence.ts",
    "./encode-cbor": "./encode_cbor.ts",
    "./map-encoder-stream": "./map_encoder_stream.ts",
    "./sequence-decoder-stream": "./sequence_decoder_stream.ts",
    "./sequence-encoder-stream": "./sequence_encoder_stream.ts",
    "./tag": "./tag.ts",
    "./text-encoder-stream": "./text_encoder_stream.ts",
    "./types": "./types.ts"
  }
}

• std/bench

import { encodeCbor as encodeCborOld } from "@std/cbor";
import { encodeCbor as encodeCborNew } from "@std/cbo";
import { encode as encodeMsg } from "@std/msgpack";

function random(start: number, end: number): number {
  return Math.floor(Math.random() * (end - start) + start);
}

const Float = Math.random() * 2 ** 8;
const Byte0 = random(0, 24);
const Byte1 = random(24, 2 ** 8);
const Byte2 = random(2 ** 8, 2 ** 16);
const Byte4 = random(2 ** 16, 2 ** 32);
const Byte8 = random(2 ** 32, 2 ** 64);
const Now = new Date();

Deno.bench({ name: "Cbor Old: Float", group: "Float" }, () => {
  encodeCborOld(Float);
});

Deno.bench({ name: "Cbor New: Float", group: "Float" }, () => {
  encodeCborNew(Float);
});

Deno.bench({ name: "MsgPack: Float", group: "Float" }, () => {
  encodeMsg(Float);
});

Deno.bench(
  { name: "Cbor Old: Number - 0 Byte Length", group: "N:Byte0" },
  () => {
    encodeCborOld(Byte0);
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "Cbor New: Number - 0 Byte Length", group: "N:Byte0" },
  () => {
    encodeCborNew(Byte0);
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "MsgPack: Number - 0 Byte Length", group: "N:Byte0" },
  () => {
    encodeMsg(Byte0);
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "Cbor Old: Number - 1 Byte Length", group: "N:Byte1" },
  () => {
    encodeCborOld(Byte1);
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "Cbor New: Number - 1 Byte Length", group: "N:Byte1" },
  () => {
    encodeCborNew(Byte1);
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "MsgPack: Number - 1 Byte Length", group: "N:Byte1" },
  () => {
    encodeMsg(Byte1);
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "Cbor Old: Number - 2 Byte Length", group: "N:Byte2" },
  () => {
    encodeCborOld(Byte2);
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "Cbor New: Number - 2 Byte Length", group: "N:Byte2" },
  () => {
    encodeCborNew(Byte2);
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "MsgPack: Number - 2 Byte Length", group: "N:Byte2" },
  () => {
    encodeMsg(Byte2);
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "Cbor Old: Number - 4 Byte Length", group: "N:Byte4" },
  () => {
    encodeCborOld(Byte4);
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "Cbor New: Number - 4 Byte Length", group: "N:Byte4" },
  () => {
    encodeCborNew(Byte4);
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "MsgPack: Number - 4 Byte Length", group: "N:Byte4" },
  () => {
    encodeMsg(Byte4);
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "Cbor Old: Number - 8 Byte Length", group: "N:Byte8" },
  () => {
    encodeCborOld(Byte8);
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "Cbor New: Number - 8 Byte Length", group: "N:Byte8" },
  () => {
    encodeCborNew(Byte8);
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "MsgPack: Number - 8 Byte Length", group: "N:Byte8" },
  () => {
    encodeMsg(Byte8);
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "Cbor Old: BigInt - 0 Byte Length", group: "B:Byte0" },
  () => {
    encodeCborOld(BigInt(Byte0));
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "Cbor New: BigInt - 0 Byte Length", group: "B:Byte0" },
  () => {
    encodeCborNew(BigInt(Byte0));
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "MsgPack: BigInt - 0 Byte Length", group: "B:Byte0" },
  () => {
    encodeMsg(BigInt(Byte0));
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "Cbor Old: BigInt - 1 Byte Length", group: "B:Byte1" },
  () => {
    encodeCborOld(BigInt(Byte1));
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "Cbor New: BigInt - 1 Byte Length", group: "B:Byte1" },
  () => {
    encodeCborNew(BigInt(Byte1));
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "MsgPack: BigInt - 1 Byte Length", group: "B:Byte1" },
  () => {
    encodeMsg(BigInt(Byte1));
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "Cbor Old: BigInt - 2 Byte Length", group: "B:Byte2" },
  () => {
    encodeCborOld(BigInt(Byte2));
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "Cbor New: BigInt - 2 Byte Length", group: "B:Byte2" },
  () => {
    encodeCborNew(BigInt(Byte2));
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "MsgPack: BigInt - 2 Byte Length", group: "B:Byte2" },
  () => {
    encodeMsg(BigInt(Byte2));
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "Cbor Old: BigInt - 4 Byte Length", group: "B:Byte4" },
  () => {
    encodeCborOld(BigInt(Byte4));
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "Cbor New: BigInt - 4 Byte Length", group: "B:Byte4" },
  () => {
    encodeCborNew(BigInt(Byte4));
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "MsgPack: BigInt - 4 Byte Length", group: "B:Byte4" },
  () => {
    encodeMsg(BigInt(Byte4));
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "Cbor Old: BigInt - 8 Byte Length", group: "B:Byte8" },
  () => {
    encodeCborOld(BigInt(Byte8));
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "Cbor New: BigInt - 8 Byte Length", group: "B:Byte8" },
  () => {
    encodeCborNew(BigInt(Byte8));
  },
);

Deno.bench(
  { name: "MsgPack: BigInt - 8 Byte Length", group: "B:Byte8" },
  () => {
    encodeMsg(BigInt(Byte8));
  },
);

Deno.bench({ name: "Cbor Old: Date", group: "Date" }, () => {
  encodeCborOld(Now);
});

Deno.bench({ name: "Cbor New: Date", group: "Date" }, () => {
  encodeCborNew(Now);
});

Benchmark Results

Check file:///Users/soul/Projects/std/bench
    CPU | Apple M1
Runtime | Deno 2.1.1 (aarch64-apple-darwin)

file:///Users/soul/Projects/std/bench

benchmark                          time/iter (avg)        iter/s      (min … max)           p75      p99     p995
---------------------------------- ----------------------------- --------------------- --------------------------

group Float
Cbor Old: Float                           802.6 ns     1,246,000 (707.0 ns …   5.1 µs) 729.2 ns   5.1 µs   5.1 µs
Cbor New: Float                           182.9 ns     5,467,000 (166.6 ns … 206.2 ns) 189.1 ns 203.6 ns 204.5 ns
MsgPack: Float                            328.9 ns     3,040,000 (299.1 ns … 483.4 ns) 333.5 ns 390.9 ns 483.4 ns

summary
  Cbor New: Float
     1.80x faster than MsgPack: Float
     4.39x faster than Cbor Old: Float

group N:Byte0
Cbor Old: Number - 0 Byte Length          158.4 ns     6,311,000 (141.3 ns … 175.9 ns) 164.9 ns 174.2 ns 175.5 ns
Cbor New: Number - 0 Byte Length          161.4 ns     6,195,000 (139.5 ns … 184.9 ns) 169.5 ns 181.7 ns 183.5 ns
MsgPack: Number - 0 Byte Length           321.9 ns     3,107,000 (299.7 ns … 349.1 ns) 329.0 ns 347.3 ns 349.1 ns

summary
  Cbor Old: Number - 0 Byte Length
     1.02x faster than Cbor New: Number - 0 Byte Length
     2.03x faster than MsgPack: Number - 0 Byte Length

group N:Byte1
Cbor Old: Number - 1 Byte Length          160.5 ns     6,230,000 (143.8 ns … 195.0 ns) 165.6 ns 178.3 ns 185.4 ns
Cbor New: Number - 1 Byte Length          160.8 ns     6,217,000 (140.1 ns … 186.2 ns) 169.0 ns 180.4 ns 181.4 ns
MsgPack: Number - 1 Byte Length           321.9 ns     3,106,000 (302.5 ns … 350.8 ns) 327.8 ns 347.2 ns 350.8 ns

summary
  Cbor Old: Number - 1 Byte Length
     1.00x faster than Cbor New: Number - 1 Byte Length
     2.01x faster than MsgPack: Number - 1 Byte Length

group N:Byte2
Cbor Old: Number - 2 Byte Length          726.2 ns     1,377,000 (698.9 ns … 766.2 ns) 737.4 ns 766.2 ns 766.2 ns
Cbor New: Number - 2 Byte Length          205.9 ns     4,857,000 (193.1 ns … 220.7 ns) 209.2 ns 219.3 ns 220.4 ns
MsgPack: Number - 2 Byte Length           322.4 ns     3,102,000 (298.1 ns … 350.9 ns) 330.4 ns 348.0 ns 350.9 ns

summary
  Cbor New: Number - 2 Byte Length
     1.57x faster than MsgPack: Number - 2 Byte Length
     3.53x faster than Cbor Old: Number - 2 Byte Length

group N:Byte4
Cbor Old: Number - 4 Byte Length          801.8 ns     1,247,000 (761.9 ns … 957.0 ns) 810.7 ns 957.0 ns 957.0 ns
Cbor New: Number - 4 Byte Length          215.6 ns     4,638,000 (191.6 ns … 476.4 ns) 213.6 ns 383.6 ns 433.1 ns
MsgPack: Number - 4 Byte Length           329.5 ns     3,035,000 (299.3 ns … 576.5 ns) 331.1 ns 502.3 ns 576.5 ns

summary
  Cbor New: Number - 4 Byte Length
     1.53x faster than MsgPack: Number - 4 Byte Length
     3.72x faster than Cbor Old: Number - 4 Byte Length

group N:Byte8
Cbor Old: Number - 8 Byte Length          778.0 ns     1,285,000 (756.6 ns … 837.3 ns) 786.5 ns 837.3 ns 837.3 ns
Cbor New: Number - 8 Byte Length          194.4 ns     5,143,000 (174.3 ns … 216.5 ns) 200.6 ns 213.0 ns 214.8 ns
MsgPack: Number - 8 Byte Length           328.3 ns     3,046,000 (303.6 ns … 416.6 ns) 335.2 ns 378.2 ns 416.6 ns

summary
  Cbor New: Number - 8 Byte Length
     1.69x faster than MsgPack: Number - 8 Byte Length
     4.00x faster than Cbor Old: Number - 8 Byte Length

group B:Byte0
Cbor Old: BigInt - 0 Byte Length          194.1 ns     5,151,000 (177.7 ns … 292.6 ns) 194.9 ns 239.8 ns 253.8 ns
Cbor New: BigInt - 0 Byte Length          190.2 ns     5,257,000 (173.1 ns … 227.9 ns) 195.2 ns 219.5 ns 225.5 ns
MsgPack: BigInt - 0 Byte Length           335.9 ns     2,977,000 (306.5 ns … 409.1 ns) 346.1 ns 394.5 ns 409.1 ns

summary
  Cbor New: BigInt - 0 Byte Length
     1.02x faster than Cbor Old: BigInt - 0 Byte Length
     1.77x faster than MsgPack: BigInt - 0 Byte Length

group B:Byte1
Cbor Old: BigInt - 1 Byte Length          195.6 ns     5,111,000 (182.9 ns … 230.7 ns) 197.6 ns 217.5 ns 225.2 ns
Cbor New: BigInt - 1 Byte Length          192.7 ns     5,189,000 (176.6 ns … 218.2 ns) 197.6 ns 209.3 ns 214.3 ns
MsgPack: BigInt - 1 Byte Length           327.9 ns     3,050,000 (306.1 ns … 401.4 ns) 334.4 ns 388.5 ns 401.4 ns

summary
  Cbor New: BigInt - 1 Byte Length
     1.01x faster than Cbor Old: BigInt - 1 Byte Length
     1.70x faster than MsgPack: BigInt - 1 Byte Length

group B:Byte2
Cbor Old: BigInt - 2 Byte Length          790.5 ns     1,265,000 (767.7 ns … 845.7 ns) 801.1 ns 845.7 ns 845.7 ns
Cbor New: BigInt - 2 Byte Length          246.3 ns     4,060,000 (238.0 ns … 288.5 ns) 246.7 ns 277.0 ns 284.1 ns
MsgPack: BigInt - 2 Byte Length           322.6 ns     3,100,000 (304.9 ns … 351.4 ns) 329.8 ns 337.6 ns 351.4 ns

summary
  Cbor New: BigInt - 2 Byte Length
     1.31x faster than MsgPack: BigInt - 2 Byte Length
     3.21x faster than Cbor Old: BigInt - 2 Byte Length

group B:Byte4
Cbor Old: BigInt - 4 Byte Length          854.1 ns     1,171,000 (828.4 ns … 902.3 ns) 863.3 ns 902.3 ns 902.3 ns
Cbor New: BigInt - 4 Byte Length          281.4 ns     3,554,000 (270.3 ns … 319.1 ns) 287.4 ns 317.5 ns 319.1 ns
MsgPack: BigInt - 4 Byte Length           320.2 ns     3,123,000 (303.9 ns … 354.0 ns) 325.9 ns 353.6 ns 354.0 ns

summary
  Cbor New: BigInt - 4 Byte Length
     1.14x faster than MsgPack: BigInt - 4 Byte Length
     3.04x faster than Cbor Old: BigInt - 4 Byte Length

group B:Byte8
Cbor Old: BigInt - 8 Byte Length          786.9 ns     1,271,000 (752.7 ns … 872.1 ns) 799.3 ns 872.1 ns 872.1 ns
Cbor New: BigInt - 8 Byte Length          247.0 ns     4,048,000 (225.4 ns … 346.1 ns) 249.0 ns 291.8 ns 300.6 ns
MsgPack: BigInt - 8 Byte Length           347.0 ns     2,882,000 (322.5 ns … 413.4 ns) 351.7 ns 401.4 ns 413.4 ns

summary
  Cbor New: BigInt - 8 Byte Length
     1.41x faster than MsgPack: BigInt - 8 Byte Length
     3.19x faster than Cbor Old: BigInt - 8 Byte Length

group Date
Cbor Old: Date                              1.1 µs       883,200 (  1.1 µs …   1.2 µs)   1.1 µs   1.2 µs   1.2 µs
Cbor New: Date                            406.1 ns     2,463,000 (385.2 ns … 465.4 ns) 412.7 ns 460.0 ns 465.4 ns

summary
  Cbor New: Date
     2.79x faster than Cbor Old: Date