Backend: Prepare if_ and block_ for multi-value (#2853)

These Wasm nodes need to be annotated with their return type, and if the
return type is more than nullary or unary, then this type needs to be
defined in the Wasm module type table.

This refactors the story around `if_` etc. to allow that:
`E.if_ env tys thn else` will register the types as needed

But in many places we know statically that there is only zero or one
return type. For them, `G.if0` and `G.if1` can be used for cleaner code
and to emphasize their “purity”. In a similar vein, `G.loop0` is introduced;
since our loops never produce values on the stack, there is no `loop_` with
multi-value result.

Extracted from #1459, but I’d like to have it on master to prevent merge
conflicts in #1459 (which is a long-running branch since May 2020…)