GitHub - dheeruymv/tqdm: A Fast, Extensible Progress Bar for Python and CLI

tqdm

tqdm derives from the Arabic word taqaddum (تقدّم) which can mean "progress," and is an abbreviation for "I love you so much" in Spanish (te quiero demasiado).

Instantly make your loops show a smart progress meter - just wrap any iterable with tqdm(iterable), and you're done!

from tqdm import tqdm
for i in tqdm(range(10000)):
    ...

76%|████████████████████████ | 7568/10000 [00:33<00:10, 229.00it/s]

trange(N) can be also used as a convenient shortcut for tqdm(range(N)).

It can also be executed as a module with pipes:

$ seq 9999999 | tqdm --bytes | wc -l
75.2MB [00:00, 217MB/s]
9999999

$ tar -zcf - docs/ | tqdm --bytes --total `du -sb docs/ | cut -f1` \
    > backup.tgz
 32%|██████████▍                      | 8.89G/27.9G [00:42<01:31, 223MB/s]

Overhead is low -- about 60ns per iteration (80ns with tqdm.gui), and is unit tested against performance regression. By comparison, the well-established ProgressBar has an 800ns/iter overhead.

In addition to its low overhead, tqdm uses smart algorithms to predict the remaining time and to skip unnecessary iteration displays, which allows for a negligible overhead in most cases.

tqdm works on any platform (Linux, Windows, Mac, FreeBSD, NetBSD, Solaris/SunOS), in any console or in a GUI, and is also friendly with IPython/Jupyter notebooks.

tqdm does not require any dependencies (not even curses!), just Python and an environment supporting carriage return \r and line feed \n control characters.

Table of contents

Installation
Changelog
Usage
FAQ and Known Issues
Documentation
Examples and Advanced Usage
Merch
Contributions
- Ports to Other Languages
LICENCE

Installation

Latest PyPI stable release

pip install tqdm

Latest development release on GitHub

Pull and install pre-release devel branch:

pip install "git+https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm.git@devel#egg=tqdm"

Latest Conda release

conda install -c conda-forge tqdm

Latest Snapcraft release

There are 3 channels to choose from:

snap install tqdm  # implies --stable, i.e. latest tagged release
snap install tqdm  --candidate  # master branch
snap install tqdm  --edge  # devel branch

Note that snap binaries are purely for CLI use (not import-able), and automatically set up bash tab-completion.

Latest Docker release

docker pull tqdm/tqdm
docker run -i --rm tqdm/tqdm --help

Other

There are other (unofficial) places where tqdm may be downloaded, particularly for CLI use:

Changelog

The list of all changes is available either on GitHub's Releases: , on the wiki, or on the website.

Usage

tqdm is very versatile and can be used in a number of ways. The three main ones are given below.

Iterable-based

Wrap tqdm() around any iterable:

from tqdm import tqdm
from time import sleep

text = ""
for char in tqdm(["a", "b", "c", "d"]):
    sleep(0.25)
    text = text + char

trange(i) is a special optimised instance of tqdm(range(i)):

from tqdm import trange

for i in trange(100):
    sleep(0.01)

Instantiation outside of the loop allows for manual control over tqdm():

pbar = tqdm(["a", "b", "c", "d"])
for char in pbar:
    sleep(0.25)
    pbar.set_description("Processing %s" % char)

Manual

Manual control of tqdm() updates using a with statement:

with tqdm(total=100) as pbar:
    for i in range(10):
        sleep(0.1)
        pbar.update(10)

If the optional variable total (or an iterable with len()) is provided, predictive stats are displayed.

with is also optional (you can just assign tqdm() to a variable, but in this case don't forget to del or close() at the end:

pbar = tqdm(total=100)
for i in range(10):
    sleep(0.1)
    pbar.update(10)
pbar.close()

Module

Perhaps the most wonderful use of tqdm is in a script or on the command line. Simply inserting tqdm (or python -m tqdm) between pipes will pass through all stdin to stdout while printing progress to stderr.

The example below demonstrate counting the number of lines in all Python files in the current directory, with timing information included.

$ time find . -name '*.py' -type f -exec cat \{} \; | wc -l
857365

real    0m3.458s
user    0m0.274s
sys     0m3.325s

$ time find . -name '*.py' -type f -exec cat \{} \; | tqdm | wc -l
857366it [00:03, 246471.31it/s]
857365

real    0m3.585s
user    0m0.862s
sys     0m3.358s

Note that the usual arguments for tqdm can also be specified.

$ find . -name '*.py' -type f -exec cat \{} \; |
    tqdm --unit loc --unit_scale --total 857366 >> /dev/null
100%|█████████████████████████████████| 857K/857K [00:04<00:00, 246Kloc/s]

Backing up a large directory?

$ tar -zcf - docs/ | tqdm --bytes --total `du -sb docs/ | cut -f1` \
  > backup.tgz
 44%|██████████████▊                   | 153M/352M [00:14<00:18, 11.0MB/s]

This can be beautified further:

$ BYTES=$(du -sb docs/ | cut -f1)
$ tar -cf - docs/ \
  | tqdm --bytes --total "$BYTES" --desc Processing | gzip \
  | tqdm --bytes --total "$BYTES" --desc Compressed --position 1 \
  > ~/backup.tgz
Processing: 100%|██████████████████████| 352M/352M [00:14<00:00, 30.2MB/s]
Compressed:  42%|█████████▎            | 148M/352M [00:14<00:19, 10.9MB/s]

Or done on a file level using 7-zip:

$ 7z a -bd -r backup.7z docs/ | grep Compressing \
  | tqdm --total $(find docs/ -type f | wc -l) --unit files \
  | grep -v Compressing
100%|██████████████████████████▉| 15327/15327 [01:00<00:00, 712.96files/s]

Pre-existing CLI programs already outputting basic progress information will benefit from tqdm's --update and --update_to flags:

$ seq 3 0.1 5 | tqdm --total 5 --update_to --null
100%|████████████████████████████████████| 5.0/5 [00:00<00:00, 9673.21it/s]
$ seq 10 | tqdm --update --null  # 1 + 2 + ... + 10 = 55 iterations
55it [00:00, 90006.52it/s]

FAQ and Known Issues

The most common issues relate to excessive output on multiple lines, instead of a neat one-line progress bar.

Consoles in general: require support for carriage return (CR, \r).
- Some cloud logging consoles which don't support \r properly (cloudwatch, K8s) may benefit from export TQDM_POSITION=-1.
Nested progress bars:
- Consoles in general: require support for moving cursors up to the previous line. For example, IDLE, ConEmu and PyCharm (also here, here, and here) lack full support.
- Windows: additionally may require the Python module colorama to ensure nested bars stay within their respective lines.
Unicode:
- Environments which report that they support unicode will have solid smooth progressbars. The fallback is an ascii-only bar.
- Windows consoles often only partially support unicode and thus often require explicit ascii=True (also here). This is due to either normal-width unicode characters being incorrectly displayed as "wide", or some unicode characters not rendering.
Wrapping generators:
- Generator wrapper functions tend to hide the length of iterables. tqdm does not.
- Replace tqdm(enumerate(...)) with enumerate(tqdm(...)) or tqdm(enumerate(x), total=len(x), ...). The same applies to numpy.ndenumerate.
- Replace tqdm(zip(a, b)) with zip(tqdm(a), b) or even zip(tqdm(a), tqdm(b)).
- The same applies to itertools.
- Some useful convenience functions can be found under tqdm.contrib.
No intermediate output in docker-compose: use docker-compose run instead of docker-compose up and tty: true.
Overriding defaults via environment variables: e.g. in CI/cloud jobs, export TQDM_MININTERVAL=5 to avoid log spam. This override logic is handled by the tqdm.utils.envwrap decorator (useful independent of tqdm).

If you come across any other difficulties, browse and file .

Documentation

(Since 19 May 2016)

class tqdm():
  """
  Decorate an iterable object, returning an iterator which acts exactly
  like the original iterable, but prints a dynamically updating
  progressbar every time a value is requested.
  """

  @envwrap("TQDM_")  # override defaults via env vars
  def __init__(self, iterable=None, desc=None, total=None, leave=True,
               file=None, ncols=None, mininterval=0.1,
               maxinterval=10.0, miniters=None, ascii=None, disable=False,
               unit='it', unit_scale=False, dynamic_ncols=False,
               smoothing=0.3, bar_format=None, initial=0, position=None,
               postfix=None, unit_divisor=1000, write_bytes=False,
               lock_args=None, nrows=None, colour=None, delay=0):

Parameters

iterable : iterable, optional

Iterable to decorate with a progressbar. Leave blank to manually manage the updates.
desc : str, optional

Prefix for the progressbar.
total : int or float, optional

The number of expected iterations. If unspecified, len(iterable) is used if possible. If float("inf") or as a last resort, only basic progress statistics are displayed (no ETA, no progressbar). If gui is True and this parameter needs subsequent updating, specify an initial arbitrary large positive number, e.g. 9e9.
leave : bool, optional

If [default: True], keeps all traces of the progressbar upon termination of iteration. If None, will leave only if position is 0.
file : io.TextIOWrapper or io.StringIO, optional

Specifies where to output the progress messages (default: sys.stderr). Uses file.write(str) and file.flush() methods. For encoding, see write_bytes.
ncols : int, optional

The width of the entire output message. If specified, dynamically resizes the progressbar to stay within this bound. If unspecified, attempts to use environment width. The fallback is a meter width of 10 and no limit for the counter and statistics. If 0, will not print any meter (only stats).
mininterval : float, optional

Minimum progress display update interval [default: 0.1] seconds.
maxinterval : float, optional

Maximum progress display update interval [default: 10] seconds. Automatically adjusts miniters to correspond to mininterval after long display update lag. Only works if dynamic_miniters or monitor thread is enabled.
miniters : int or float, optional

Minimum progress display update interval, in iterations. If 0 and dynamic_miniters, will automatically adjust to equal mininterval (more CPU efficient, good for tight loops). If > 0, will skip display of specified number of iterations. Tweak this and mininterval to get very efficient loops. If your progress is erratic with both fast and slow iterations (network, skipping items, etc) you should set miniters=1.
ascii : bool or str, optional

If unspecified or False, use unicode (smooth blocks) to fill the meter. The fallback is to use ASCII characters " 123456789#".
disable : bool, optional

Whether to disable the entire progressbar wrapper [default: False]. If set to None, disable on non-TTY.
unit : str, optional

String that will be used to define the unit of each iteration [default: it].
unit_scale : bool or int or float, optional

If 1 or True, the number of iterations will be reduced/scaled automatically and a metric prefix following the International System of Units standard will be added (kilo, mega, etc.) [default: False]. If any other non-zero number, will scale total and n.
dynamic_ncols : bool, optional

If set, constantly alters ncols and nrows to the environment (allowing for window resizes) [default: False].
smoothing : float, optional

Exponential moving average smoothing factor for speed estimates (ignored in GUI mode). Ranges from 0 (average speed) to 1 (current/instantaneous speed) [default: 0.3].
bar_format : str, optional

Specify a custom bar string formatting. May impact performance. [default: '{l_bar}{bar}{r_bar}'], where l_bar='{desc}: {percentage:3.0f}%|' and r_bar='| {n_fmt}/{total_fmt} [{elapsed}<{remaining}, ' '{rate_fmt}{postfix}]' Possible vars: l_bar, bar, r_bar, n, n_fmt, total, total_fmt, percentage, elapsed, elapsed_s, ncols, nrows, desc, unit, rate, rate_fmt, rate_noinv, rate_noinv_fmt, rate_inv, rate_inv_fmt, postfix, unit_divisor, remaining, remaining_s, eta. Note that a trailing ": " is automatically removed after {desc} if the latter is empty.
initial : int or float, optional

The initial counter value. Useful when restarting a progress bar [default: 0]. If using float, consider specifying {n:.3f} or similar in bar_format, or specifying unit_scale.
position : int, optional

Specify the line offset to print this bar (starting from 0) Automatic if unspecified. Useful to manage multiple bars at once (eg, from threads).
postfix : dict or *, optional

Specify additional stats to display at the end of the bar. Calls set_postfix(**postfix) if possible (dict).
unit_divisor : float, optional

[default: 1000], ignored unless unit_scale is True.
write_bytes : bool, optional

Whether to write bytes. If (default: False) will write unicode.
lock_args : tuple, optional

Passed to refresh for intermediate output (initialisation, iterating, and updating).
nrows : int, optional

The screen height. If specified, hides nested bars outside this bound. If unspecified, attempts to use environment height. The fallback is 20.
colour : str, optional

Bar colour (e.g. 'green', '#00ff00').
delay : float, optional

Don't display until [default: 0] seconds have elapsed.

Extra CLI Options

delim : chr, optional

Delimiting character [default: 'n']. Use '0' for null. N.B.: on Windows systems, Python converts 'n' to 'rn'.
buf_size : int, optional

String buffer size in bytes [default: 256] used when delim is specified.
bytes : bool, optional

If true, will count bytes, ignore delim, and default unit_scale to True, unit_divisor to 1024, and unit to 'B'.
tee : bool, optional

If true, passes stdin to both stderr and stdout.
update : bool, optional

If true, will treat input as newly elapsed iterations, i.e. numbers to pass to update(). Note that this is slow (~2e5 it/s) since every input must be decoded as a number.
update_to : bool, optional

If true, will treat input as total elapsed iterations, i.e. numbers to assign to self.n. Note that this is slow (~2e5 it/s) since every input must be decoded as a number.
null : bool, optional

If true, will discard input (no stdout).
manpath : str, optional

Directory in which to install tqdm man pages.
comppath : str, optional

Directory in which to place tqdm completion.
log : str, optional

CRITICAL|FATAL|ERROR|WARN(ING)|[default: 'INFO']|DEBUG|NOTSET.

Returns

out : decorated iterator.

class tqdm():
  def update(self, n=1):
      """
      Manually update the progress bar, useful for streams
      such as reading files.
      E.g.:
      >>> t = tqdm(total=filesize) # Initialise
      >>> for current_buffer in stream:
      ...    ...
      ...    t.update(len(current_buffer))
      >>> t.close()
      The last line is highly recommended, but possibly not necessary if
      ``t.update()`` will be called in such a way that ``filesize`` will be
      exactly reached and printed.

      Parameters
      ----------
      n  : int or float, optional
          Increment to add to the internal counter of iterations
          [default: 1]. If using float, consider specifying ``{n:.3f}``
          or similar in ``bar_format``, or specifying ``unit_scale``.

      Returns
      -------
      out  : bool or None
          True if a ``display()`` was triggered.
      """

  def close(self):
      """Cleanup and (if leave=False) close the progressbar."""

  def clear(self, nomove=False):
      """Clear current bar display."""

  def refresh(self):
      """
      Force refresh the display of this bar.

      Parameters
      ----------
      nolock  : bool, optional
          If ``True``, does not lock.
          If [default: ``False``]: calls ``acquire()`` on internal lock.
      lock_args  : tuple, optional
          Passed to internal lock's ``acquire()``.
          If specified, will only ``display()`` if ``acquire()`` returns ``True``.
      """

  def unpause(self):
      """Restart tqdm timer from last print time."""

  def reset(self, total=None):
      """
      Resets to 0 iterations for repeated use.

      Consider combining with ``leave=True``.

      Parameters
      ----------
      total  : int or float, optional. Total to use for the new bar.
      """

  def set_description(self, desc=None, refresh=True):
      """
      Set/modify description of the progress bar.

      Parameters
      ----------
      desc  : str, optional
      refresh  : bool, optional
          Forces refresh [default: True].
      """

  def set_postfix(self, ordered_dict=None, refresh=True, **tqdm_kwargs):
      """
      Set/modify postfix (additional stats)
      with automatic formatting based on datatype.

      Parameters
      ----------
      ordered_dict  : dict or OrderedDict, optional
      refresh  : bool, optional
          Forces refresh [default: True].
      kwargs  : dict, optional
      """

  @classmethod
  def write(cls, s, file=sys.stdout, end="\n"):
      """Print a message via tqdm (without overlap with bars)."""

  @property
  def format_dict(self):
      """Public API for read-only member access."""

  def display(self, msg=None, pos=None):
      """
      Use ``self.sp`` to display ``msg`` in the specified ``pos``.

      Consider overloading this function when inheriting to use e.g.:
      ``self.some_frontend(**self.format_dict)`` instead of ``self.sp``.

      Parameters
      ----------
      msg  : str, optional. What to display (default: ``repr(self)``).
      pos  : int, optional. Position to ``moveto``
        (default: ``abs(self.pos)``).
      """

  @classmethod
  @contextmanager
  def wrapattr(cls, stream, method, total=None, bytes=True, **tqdm_kwargs):
      """
      stream  : file-like object.
      method  : str, "read" or "write". The result of ``read()`` and
          the first argument of ``write()`` should have a ``len()``.

      >>> with tqdm.wrapattr(file_obj, "read", total=file_obj.size) as fobj:
      ...     while True:
      ...         chunk = fobj.read(chunk_size)
      ...         if not chunk:
      ...             break
      """

  @classmethod
  def pandas(cls, *targs, **tqdm_kwargs):
      """Registers the current `tqdm` class with `pandas`."""

def trange(*args, **tqdm_kwargs):
    """Shortcut for `tqdm(range(*args), **tqdm_kwargs)`."""

Convenience Functions

def tqdm.contrib.tenumerate(iterable, start=0, total=None,
                            tqdm_class=tqdm.auto.tqdm, **tqdm_kwargs):
    """Equivalent of `numpy.ndenumerate` or builtin `enumerate`."""

def tqdm.contrib.tzip(iter1, *iter2plus, **tqdm_kwargs):
    """Equivalent of builtin `zip`."""

def tqdm.contrib.tmap(function, *sequences, **tqdm_kwargs):
    """Equivalent of builtin `map`."""

Submodules

class tqdm.notebook.tqdm(tqdm.tqdm):
    """IPython/Jupyter Notebook widget."""

class tqdm.auto.tqdm(tqdm.tqdm):
    """Automatically chooses beween `tqdm.notebook` and `tqdm.tqdm`."""

class tqdm.asyncio.tqdm(tqdm.tqdm):
  """Asynchronous version."""
  @classmethod
  def as_completed(cls, fs, *, loop=None, timeout=None, total=None,
                   **tqdm_kwargs):
      """Wrapper for `asyncio.as_completed`."""

class tqdm.gui.tqdm(tqdm.tqdm):
    """Matplotlib GUI version."""

class tqdm.tk.tqdm(tqdm.tqdm):
    """Tkinter GUI version."""

class tqdm.rich.tqdm(tqdm.tqdm):
    """`rich.progress` version."""

class tqdm.keras.TqdmCallback(keras.callbacks.Callback):
    """Keras callback for epoch and batch progress."""

class tqdm.dask.TqdmCallback(dask.callbacks.Callback):
    """Dask callback for task progress."""

`contrib`

The tqdm.contrib package also contains experimental modules:

tqdm.contrib.itertools: Thin wrappers around itertools
tqdm.contrib.concurrent: Thin wrappers around concurrent.futures
tqdm.contrib.slack: Posts to Slack bots
tqdm.contrib.discord: Posts to Discord bots
tqdm.contrib.telegram: Posts to Telegram bots
tqdm.contrib.bells: Automagically enables all optional features
- auto, pandas, slack, discord, telegram

Examples and Advanced Usage

See the examples folder;
import the module and run help();
consult the wiki;
- this has an excellent article on how to make a great progressbar;
check out the slides from PyData London, or
run the .

Description and additional stats

Custom information can be displayed and updated dynamically on tqdm bars with the desc and postfix arguments:

from tqdm import tqdm, trange
from random import random, randint
from time import sleep

with trange(10) as t:
    for i in t:
        # Description will be displayed on the left
        t.set_description('GEN %i' % i)
        # Postfix will be displayed on the right,
        # formatted automatically based on argument's datatype
        t.set_postfix(loss=random(), gen=randint(1,999), str='h',
                      lst=[1, 2])
        sleep(0.1)

with tqdm(total=10, bar_format="{postfix[0]} {postfix[1][value]:>8.2g}",
          postfix=["Batch", {"value": 0}]) as t:
    for i in range(10):
        sleep(0.1)
        t.postfix[1]["value"] = i / 2
        t.update()

Points to remember when using {postfix[...]} in the bar_format string:

postfix also needs to be passed as an initial argument in a compatible format, and
postfix will be auto-converted to a string if it is a dict-like object. To prevent this behaviour, insert an extra item into the dictionary where the key is not a string.

Additional bar_format parameters may also be defined by overriding format_dict, and the bar itself may be modified using ascii:

from tqdm import tqdm
class TqdmExtraFormat(tqdm):
    """Provides a `total_time` format parameter"""
    @property
    def format_dict(self):
        d = super(TqdmExtraFormat, self).format_dict
        total_time = d["elapsed"] * (d["total"] or 0) / max(d["n"], 1)
        d.update(total_time=self.format_interval(total_time) + " in total")
        return d

for i in TqdmExtraFormat(
      range(9), ascii=" .oO0",
      bar_format="{total_time}: {percentage:.0f}%|{bar}{r_bar}"):
    if i == 4:
        break

00:00 in total: 44%|0000.     | 4/9 [00:00<00:00, 962.93it/s]

Note that {bar} also supports a format specifier [width][type].

width
- unspecified (default): automatic to fill ncols
- int >= 0: fixed width overriding ncols logic
- int < 0: subtract from the automatic default
type
- a: ascii (ascii=True override)
- u: unicode (ascii=False override)
- b: blank (ascii=" " override)

This means a fixed bar with right-justified text may be created by using: bar_format="{l_bar}{bar:10}|{bar:-10b}right-justified"

Nested progress bars

tqdm supports nested progress bars. Here's an example:

from tqdm.auto import trange
from time import sleep

for i in trange(4, desc='1st loop'):
    for j in trange(5, desc='2nd loop'):
        for k in trange(50, desc='3rd loop', leave=False):
            sleep(0.01)

For manual control over positioning (e.g. for multi-processing use), you may specify position=n where n=0 for the outermost bar, n=1 for the next, and so on. However, it's best to check if tqdm can work without manual position first.

from time import sleep
from tqdm import trange, tqdm
from multiprocessing import Pool, RLock, freeze_support

L = list(range(9))

def progresser(n):
    interval = 0.001 / (n + 2)
    total = 5000
    text = "#{}, est. {:<04.2}s".format(n, interval * total)
    for _ in trange(total, desc=text, position=n):
        sleep(interval)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    freeze_support()  # for Windows support
    tqdm.set_lock(RLock())  # for managing output contention
    p = Pool(initializer=tqdm.set_lock, initargs=(tqdm.get_lock(),))
    p.map(progresser, L)

Note that in Python 3, tqdm.write is thread-safe:

from time import sleep
from tqdm import tqdm, trange
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor

L = list(range(9))

def progresser(n):
    interval = 0.001 / (n + 2)
    total = 5000
    text = "#{}, est. {:<04.2}s".format(n, interval * total)
    for _ in trange(total, desc=text):
        sleep(interval)
    if n == 6:
        tqdm.write("n == 6 completed.")
        tqdm.write("`tqdm.write()` is thread-safe in py3!")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    with ThreadPoolExecutor() as p:
        p.map(progresser, L)

Hooks and callbacks

tqdm can easily support callbacks/hooks and manual updates. Here's an example with urllib:

``urllib.urlretrieve`` documentation

[...]

If present, the hook function will be called once

on establishment of the network connection and once after each block read

thereafter. The hook will be passed three arguments; a count of blocks

transferred so far, a block size in bytes, and the total size of the file.

[...]

import urllib, os
from tqdm import tqdm
urllib = getattr(urllib, 'request', urllib)

class TqdmUpTo(tqdm):
    """Provides `update_to(n)` which uses `tqdm.update(delta_n)`."""
    def update_to(self, b=1, bsize=1, tsize=None):
        """
        b  : int, optional
            Number of blocks transferred so far [default: 1].
        bsize  : int, optional
            Size of each block (in tqdm units) [default: 1].
        tsize  : int, optional
            Total size (in tqdm units). If [default: None] remains unchanged.
        """
        if tsize is not None:
            self.total = tsize
        return self.update(b * bsize - self.n)  # also sets self.n = b * bsize

eg_link = "https://caspersci.uk.to/matryoshka.zip"
with TqdmUpTo(unit='B', unit_scale=True, unit_divisor=1024, miniters=1,
              desc=eg_link.split('/')[-1]) as t:  # all optional kwargs
    urllib.urlretrieve(eg_link, filename=os.devnull,
                       reporthook=t.update_to, data=None)
    t.total = t.n

Inspired by twine#242. Functional alternative in examples/tqdm_wget.py.

It is recommend to use miniters=1 whenever there is potentially large differences in iteration speed (e.g. downloading a file over a patchy connection).

Wrapping read/write methods

To measure throughput through a file-like object's read or write methods, use CallbackIOWrapper:

from tqdm.auto import tqdm
from tqdm.utils import CallbackIOWrapper

with tqdm(total=file_obj.size,
          unit='B', unit_scale=True, unit_divisor=1024) as t:
    fobj = CallbackIOWrapper(t.update, file_obj, "read")
    while True:
        chunk = fobj.read(chunk_size)
        if not chunk:
            break
    t.reset()
    # ... continue to use `t` for something else

Alternatively, use the even simpler wrapattr convenience function, which would condense both the urllib and CallbackIOWrapper examples down to:

import urllib, os
from tqdm import tqdm

eg_link = "https://caspersci.uk.to/matryoshka.zip"
response = getattr(urllib, 'request', urllib).urlopen(eg_link)
with tqdm.wrapattr(open(os.devnull, "wb"), "write",
                   miniters=1, desc=eg_link.split('/')[-1],
                   total=getattr(response, 'length', None)) as fout:
    for chunk in response:
        fout.write(chunk)

The requests equivalent is nearly identical:

import requests, os
from tqdm import tqdm

eg_link = "https://caspersci.uk.to/matryoshka.zip"
response = requests.get(eg_link, stream=True)
with tqdm.wrapattr(open(os.devnull, "wb"), "write",
                   miniters=1, desc=eg_link.split('/')[-1],
                   total=int(response.headers.get('content-length', 0))) as fout:
    for chunk in response.iter_content(chunk_size=4096):
        fout.write(chunk)

Custom callback

tqdm is known for intelligently skipping unnecessary displays. To make a custom callback take advantage of this, simply use the return value of update(). This is set to True if a display() was triggered.

from tqdm.auto import tqdm as std_tqdm

def external_callback(*args, **kwargs):
    ...

class TqdmExt(std_tqdm):
    def update(self, n=1):
        displayed = super(TqdmExt, self).update(n)
        if displayed:
            external_callback(**self.format_dict)
        return displayed

`asyncio`

Note that break isn't currently caught by asynchronous iterators. This means that tqdm cannot clean up after itself in this case:

from tqdm.asyncio import tqdm

async for i in tqdm(range(9)):
    if i == 2:
        break

Instead, either call pbar.close() manually or use the context manager syntax:

from tqdm.asyncio import tqdm

with tqdm(range(9)) as pbar:
    async for i in pbar:
        if i == 2:
            break

Pandas Integration

Due to popular demand we've added support for pandas -- here's an example for DataFrame.progress_apply and DataFrameGroupBy.progress_apply:

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from tqdm import tqdm

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0, 100, (100000, 6)))

# Register `pandas.progress_apply` and `pandas.Series.map_apply` with `tqdm`
# (can use `tqdm.gui.tqdm`, `tqdm.notebook.tqdm`, optional kwargs, etc.)
tqdm.pandas(desc="my bar!")

# Now you can use `progress_apply` instead of `apply`
# and `progress_map` instead of `map`
df.progress_apply(lambda x: x**2)
# can also groupby:
# df.groupby(0).progress_apply(lambda x: x**2)

In case you're interested in how this works (and how to modify it for your own callbacks), see the examples folder or import the module and run help().

Keras Integration

A keras callback is also available:

from tqdm.keras import TqdmCallback

...

model.fit(..., verbose=0, callbacks=[TqdmCallback()])

Dask Integration

A dask callback is also available:

from tqdm.dask import TqdmCallback

with TqdmCallback(desc="compute"):
    ...
    arr.compute()

# or use callback globally
cb = TqdmCallback(desc="global")
cb.register()
arr.compute()

IPython/Jupyter Integration

IPython/Jupyter is supported via the tqdm.notebook submodule:

from tqdm.notebook import trange, tqdm
from time import sleep

for i in trange(3, desc='1st loop'):
    for j in tqdm(range(100), desc='2nd loop'):
        sleep(0.01)

In addition to tqdm features, the submodule provides a native Jupyter widget (compatible with IPython v1-v4 and Jupyter), fully working nested bars and colour hints (blue: normal, green: completed, red: error/interrupt, light blue: no ETA); as demonstrated below.

The notebook version supports percentage or pixels for overall width (e.g.: ncols='100%' or ncols='480px').

It is also possible to let tqdm automatically choose between console or notebook versions by using the autonotebook submodule:

from tqdm.autonotebook import tqdm
tqdm.pandas()

Note that this will issue a TqdmExperimentalWarning if run in a notebook since it is not meant to be possible to distinguish between jupyter notebook and jupyter console. Use auto instead of autonotebook to suppress this warning.

Note that notebooks will display the bar in the cell where it was created. This may be a different cell from the one where it is used. If this is not desired, either

delay the creation of the bar to the cell where it must be displayed, or
create the bar with display=False, and in a later cell call display(bar.container):

from tqdm.notebook import tqdm
pbar = tqdm(..., display=False)

# different cell
display(pbar.container)

The keras callback has a display() method which can be used likewise:

from tqdm.keras import TqdmCallback
cbk = TqdmCallback(display=False)

# different cell
cbk.display()
model.fit(..., verbose=0, callbacks=[cbk])

Another possibility is to have a single bar (near the top of the notebook) which is constantly re-used (using reset() rather than close()). For this reason, the notebook version (unlike the CLI version) does not automatically call close() upon Exception.

from tqdm.notebook import tqdm
pbar = tqdm()

# different cell
iterable = range(100)
pbar.reset(total=len(iterable))  # initialise with new `total`
for i in iterable:
    pbar.update()
pbar.refresh()  # force print final status but don't `close()`

Custom Integration

To change the default arguments (such as making dynamic_ncols=True), simply use built-in Python magic:

from functools import partial
from tqdm import tqdm as std_tqdm
tqdm = partial(std_tqdm, dynamic_ncols=True)

For further customisation, tqdm may be inherited from to create custom callbacks (as with the TqdmUpTo example above) or for custom frontends (e.g. GUIs such as notebook or plotting packages). In the latter case:

def __init__() to call super().__init__(..., gui=True) to disable terminal status_printer creation.
Redefine: close(), clear(), display().

Consider overloading display() to use e.g. self.frontend(**self.format_dict) instead of self.sp(repr(self)).

Some submodule examples of inheritance:

Dynamic Monitor/Meter

You can use a tqdm as a meter which is not monotonically increasing. This could be because n decreases (e.g. a CPU usage monitor) or total changes.

One example would be recursively searching for files. The total is the number of objects found so far, while n is the number of those objects which are files (rather than folders):

from tqdm import tqdm
import os.path

def find_files_recursively(path, show_progress=True):
    files = []
    # total=1 assumes `path` is a file
    t = tqdm(total=1, unit="file", disable=not show_progress)
    if not os.path.exists(path):
        raise IOError("Cannot find:" + path)

    def append_found_file(f):
        files.append(f)
        t.update()

    def list_found_dir(path):
        """returns os.listdir(path) assuming os.path.isdir(path)"""
        listing = os.listdir(path)
        # subtract 1 since a "file" we found was actually this directory
        t.total += len(listing) - 1
        # fancy way to give info without forcing a refresh
        t.set_postfix(dir=path[-10:], refresh=False)
        t.update(0)  # may trigger a refresh
        return listing

    def recursively_search(path):
        if os.path.isdir(path):
            for f in list_found_dir(path):
                recursively_search(os.path.join(path, f))
        else:
            append_found_file(path)

    recursively_search(path)
    t.set_postfix(dir=path)
    t.close()
    return files

Using update(0) is a handy way to let tqdm decide when to trigger a display refresh to avoid console spamming.

Writing messages

This is a work in progress (see #737).

Since tqdm uses a simple printing mechanism to display progress bars, you should not write any message in the terminal using print() while a progressbar is open.

To write messages in the terminal without any collision with tqdm bar display, a .write() method is provided:

from tqdm.auto import tqdm, trange
from time import sleep

bar = trange(10)
for i in bar:
    # Print using tqdm class method .write()
    sleep(0.1)
    if not (i % 3):
        tqdm.write("Done task %i" % i)
    # Can also use bar.write()

By default, this will print to standard output sys.stdout. but you can specify any file-like object using the file argument. For example, this can be used to redirect the messages writing to a log file or class.

Redirecting writing

If using a library that can print messages to the console, editing the library by replacing print() with tqdm.write() may not be desirable. In that case, redirecting sys.stdout to tqdm.write() is an option.

To redirect sys.stdout, create a file-like class that will write any input string to tqdm.write(), and supply the arguments file=sys.stdout, dynamic_ncols=True.

A reusable canonical example is given below:

from time import sleep
import contextlib
import sys
from tqdm import tqdm
from tqdm.contrib import DummyTqdmFile


@contextlib.contextmanager
def std_out_err_redirect_tqdm():
    orig_out_err = sys.stdout, sys.stderr
    try:
        sys.stdout, sys.stderr = map(DummyTqdmFile, orig_out_err)
        yield orig_out_err[0]
    # Relay exceptions
    except Exception as exc:
        raise exc
    # Always restore sys.stdout/err if necessary
    finally:
        sys.stdout, sys.stderr = orig_out_err

def some_fun(i):
    print("Fee, fi, fo,".split()[i])

# Redirect stdout to tqdm.write() (don't forget the `as save_stdout`)
with std_out_err_redirect_tqdm() as orig_stdout:
    # tqdm needs the original stdout
    # and dynamic_ncols=True to autodetect console width
    for i in tqdm(range(3), file=orig_stdout, dynamic_ncols=True):
        sleep(.5)
        some_fun(i)

# After the `with`, printing is restored
print("Done!")

Redirecting `logging`

Similar to sys.stdout/sys.stderr as detailed above, console logging may also be redirected to tqdm.write().

Warning: if also redirecting sys.stdout/sys.stderr, make sure to redirect logging first if needed.

Helper methods are available in tqdm.contrib.logging. For example:

import logging
from tqdm import trange
from tqdm.contrib.logging import logging_redirect_tqdm

LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
    with logging_redirect_tqdm():
        for i in trange(9):
            if i == 4:
                LOG.info("console logging redirected to `tqdm.write()`")
    # logging restored

Monitoring thread, intervals and miniters

tqdm implements a few tricks to increase efficiency and reduce overhead.

Avoid unnecessary frequent bar refreshing: mininterval defines how long to wait between each refresh. tqdm always gets updated in the background, but it will display only every mininterval.
Reduce number of calls to check system clock/time.
mininterval is more intuitive to configure than miniters. A clever adjustment system dynamic_miniters will automatically adjust miniters to the amount of iterations that fit into time mininterval. Essentially, tqdm will check if it's time to print without actually checking time. This behaviour can be still be bypassed by manually setting miniters.

However, consider a case with a combination of fast and slow iterations. After a few fast iterations, dynamic_miniters will set miniters to a large number. When iteration rate subsequently slows, miniters will remain large and thus reduce display update frequency. To address this:

maxinterval defines the maximum time between display refreshes. A concurrent monitoring thread checks for overdue updates and forces one where necessary.

The monitoring thread should not have a noticeable overhead, and guarantees updates at least every 10 seconds by default. This value can be directly changed by setting the monitor_interval of any tqdm instance (i.e. t = tqdm.tqdm(...); t.monitor_interval = 2). The monitor thread may be disabled application-wide by setting tqdm.tqdm.monitor_interval = 0 before instantiation of any tqdm bar.

Merch

You can buy tqdm branded merch now!

Contributions

All source code is hosted on GitHub. Contributions are welcome.

See the CONTRIBUTING file for more information.

Developers who have made significant contributions, ranked by SLoC (surviving lines of code, git fame -wMC --excl '\.(png|gif|jpg)$'), are:

Name	ID	SLoC	Notes
Casper da Costa-Luis	casperdcl	~80%	primary maintainer
Stephen Larroque	lrq3000	~9%	team member
Martin Zugnoni	martinzugnoni	~3%
Daniel Ecer	de-code	~2%
Richard Sheridan	richardsheridan	~1%
Guangshuo Chen	chengs	~1%
Helio Machado	0x2b3bfa0	~1%
Kyle Altendorf	altendky	<1%
Noam Yorav-Raphael	noamraph	<1%	original author
Matthew Stevens	mjstevens777	<1%
Hadrien Mary	hadim	<1%	team member
Mikhail Korobov	kmike	<1%	team member

Ports to Other Languages

A list is available on this wiki page.

LICENCE

Open Source (OSI approved):

Citation information:

(Since 19 May 2016)

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 1,964 Commits
.github		.github
.meta		.meta
benchmarks		benchmarks
examples		examples
images		images
tests		tests
tqdm		tqdm
.gitattributes		.gitattributes
.gitignore		.gitignore
.mailmap		.mailmap
.pre-commit-config.yaml		.pre-commit-config.yaml
.zenodo.json		.zenodo.json
CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md		CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
CONTRIBUTING.md		CONTRIBUTING.md
DEMO.ipynb		DEMO.ipynb
LICENCE		LICENCE
Makefile		Makefile
README.rst		README.rst
asv.conf.json		asv.conf.json
environment.yml		environment.yml
logo.png		logo.png
pyproject.toml		pyproject.toml
tests_notebook.ipynb		tests_notebook.ipynb
tox.ini		tox.ini

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