Add support for building with GCC 14

[tautschnig]

GCC 14 adds new warnings. Those are largely spurious (perhaps with exception of the interpreter code), but still require working around. These warnings also affect CaDiCaL builds, which in turn requires us to upgrade to version 2.0.0, where workarounds have been added.

Fixes: #7749

• Each commit message has a non-empty body, explaining why the change was made.
• n/a Methods or procedures I have added are documented, following the guidelines provided in CODING_STANDARD.md.
• n/a The feature or user visible behaviour I have added or modified has been documented in the User Guide in doc/cprover-manual/
• Regression or unit tests are included, or existing tests cover the modified code (in this case I have detailed which ones those are in the commit message).
• n/a My commit message includes data points confirming performance improvements (if claimed).
• My PR is restricted to a single feature or bugfix.
• n/a White-space or formatting changes outside the feature-related changed lines are in commits of their own.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 88.09524% with 5 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 78.34%. Comparing base (66ae03f) to head (560a588).

Files	Patch %	Lines
unit/util/graph.cpp	20.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
src/goto-programs/interpreter.cpp	50.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           develop    #8368      +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage    78.34%   78.34%   -0.01%     
===========================================
  Files         1726     1726              
  Lines       188437   188415      -22     
  Branches     18244    18248       +4     
===========================================
- Hits        147638   147607      -31     
- Misses       40799    40808       +9     

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[peterschrammel]

It seems the analysis trips over local namespacet and irep_idt instances, which are harmless, but it can't know that.