Air-light - A minimalist WordPress starter theme

Air-light (or simply Air) is designed to be an ultra minimal starting point for a WordPress project at Digitoimisto Dude Oy, a Finnish boutique digital agency in the center of Jyväskylä. Theme is originally based on _s. We welcome all happy contributors with open arms! See roadmap.

Demo | Documentation

• CSS gzipped: 16.8 KB (originally 124.4 KB)
• JS gzipped: 8.6 KB (28.6 KB original)
• Front page HTML: 7.4 KB (29.4 KB original)

Weekly updates!

This theme is constantly kept up to date by a bunch of awesome contributors. Wanna join in development? Read the instructions for contributing and let us know about your first PR!

Mission & vision

Air-light is built to be very straightforward, backwards compatible, front-end developer friendly and modular by its structure. Following Underscores and WordPress Theme Coding Standards best practices and most of the changes in _s are implemented as soon as they are committed.

Our mission and goal is minimalism and simplicity. Our vision is to build a theme that will not implement its own wrappers or functions, will not use any templating languages that would take things further from traditional PHP or CSS, will contain nothing that people will not use or need. Air-light will be free of weird "app-like" folder structures or odd syntaxes that nobody else uses. We love WordPress as it was and as it is.

Air was renamed to air-light in version 3.7.8 (March 20th, 2018), because air was already taken in the official WordPress theme directory.

Official, approved, accessibility-ready!

Air-light v. 4.2.2 was approved to official WordPress theme directory on June 4, 2018. But please note, all changes you do to the theme without generating your own or changing textdomain will be overridden in theme updates - so if you use this theme as a starting point, please follow instructions and/or replace the textdomain with your own.

Table of contents

1. Usage
2. Please note before using
3. License
4. Features
   1. Layout base & grid
   2. Typography
   3. Development
   4. Navigation
   5. WordPress & functions
   6. Custom Post Types
   7. Custom Taxonomies
   8. Namespaced PHP
   9. Accessibility
   10. Lazy load
   11. Disabled features
5. Extra building blocks
   1. Sticky navigation
   2. WooCommerce support
6. Requirements
7. Recommendations for development
8. How to build a new theme
9. Contributing
   1. Air development
   2. Debuggers
      1. For Gulp
      2. For your editor
   3. Releasing a new version (staff only)
10. Notes

Please note before using

Air is a development theme, so it has updates very often. By using this starter theme, you agree that anything can change to a different direction without a warning when you look at this dev-git the next time. Please note this theme has no updates inside WordPress by design. Use this theme to hack it to pieces and create your new awesome theme based on Air! Please also see Debuggers!

Air is not meant to be "a theme for everyone", which means it doesn't have all the parts that are generally included in multi-purpose themes for non-technical people (please see Disabled features).

If you want to use this theme as starter for your new theme, please note the theme won't necessarily be that much fun or won't look good by default and needs work from you. We recommend using Sage if you need something more extended.

License

Air is licensed with The MIT License (MIT) which means you can freely use this theme commercially or privately, modify it, or distribute it, but you are forbidden to hold Dude liable for anything, or claim that what you do with this is made by us.

Theme structure

We try to follow traditional WordPress Template Hierarchy as much as possible. This way we will provide a low threshold for junior developers and go hand in hand with official WordPress Theme Coding Standards.

Please see Visual Overview if you are interested in how the WordPress theme structure works.

Features

Some features, WooCommerce support and personal preferences of Dude are moved to Air helper plugin.

Layout base & grid

• Gutenberg-ready
• Flexbox-ready
• CSS Grid-ready
• SVG-ready
• SASS-support (SCSS-syntax)
• CSS reset from sanitize.css
• Section blocks and containers
• Basic and minimal CSS framework for forms, commenting and typography

Typography

• Responsive typography with viewport units with fallbacks, see more in sass/layout/_typography.scss and sass/base/_helpers.scss, default syntax is @include responsive-font($font-size-min, $font-size-max); (formerly Megatype, still recommended with blogs or text-only based sites, but not included by default after 1.5.0)
• Web fonts file are preferred, helper included: Sass Boilerplate's fontFace-mixin. Put files in fonts/ directory, you'll need .odt, .ttf, .woff, .woff2. Then just @include fontFace('Proxima Nova', '../../fonts/proximanova-regular-webfont', 400); in _typography.scss.

Development

• BrowserSync for keeping multiple browsers and devices synchronized while testing, along with injecting updated CSS and JS into your browser while you're developing (included in devpackages)
• gulp build script that compiles both Less and Sass, checks for JavaScript errors, optimizes images, and concatenates and minifies files (see Dude's devpackages)
• npm for front-end package management

Navigation

• Dependency-free, all in Vanilla JS
• Custom navigation walker built accessibility in mind
• Fully accessible
• Full keyboard navigation support
• Arrow navigation support
• WCAG 2.0 AA compliant: Dropdowns close when pressing Esc while hovering
• Supports multi-level drop down submenus
• Supports animations
• Hover-intent support
• Focus trap for mobile navigation
• Accessible burger menu
• Easy to customize

WordPress & functions

• Available for translation, full Polylang Pro support
• Support for Post Thumbnails on posts and pages
• Gutenberg support
• HTML5 core markup for WordPress elements
• Air specific: Hero template, section blocks

Custom Post Types

Air-light can register your CPT:s automatically.

1. Add your custom post type to theme settings under post_types, located in functions.php like this:

'post_types' => [
  'Your_Post_Type'
]

2. Add a file inc/post-types/your-post-type.php
3. Extend Post_Type class with Your_Post_Type and define your post type in a public function called register(). See the example: inc/post-types/your-post-type.php.

Custom Taxonomies

Air-light can register your Taxonomies automatically.

1. Add your taxonomy to theme settings under taxonomies, located in functions.php like this:

'taxonomies' => [
  'Your_Taxonomy' => [ 'post', 'page', 'your-post-type' ]
]

2. Add a file inc/taxonomies/your-taxonomy.php
3. Extend Taxonomy class with Your_Taxonomy and define your taxonomy in a public function called register(). See the example: inc/taxonomies/your-taxonomy.php.

Namespaced PHP

Air-light uses namespaced PHP since 5.0.0. This means that we no longer need to prefix functions and hooks, because namespace Air_Light; takes care of that.

When old function format was:

// Pre_get_posts
add_action( 'pre_get_posts', 'dude_pre_get_posts' );
function dude_pre_get_posts( $query ) {
  // Do something
}

New format goes like this:

// Pre_get_posts
add_action( 'pre_get_posts', __NAMESPACE__ . '\pre_get_posts' );
function pre_get_posts( $query ) {
  // Do something
}

Accessibility

Creating accessible websites is really important and our goal is to make air as accessible-ready as possible. Theme fully supports navigating with keyboard and screen-readers. Other accessible features:

• Navigation patterns
• Skip to content link
• Smart focus for keyboard users, what-input baked in
• Valid HTML
• Accessible SVG icons
• Screen reader class
• External link indicators
• Underlined links
• Content-aware back to top link
• WCAG 2.0 AAA Accessible-ready Gravity Forms styles (needs WCAG 2.0 form fields for Gravity Forms, included in dudestack)

Lazy load

From 4.7.1 air-light has a lazy loading image features for background images and imgs. If you don't use this feature, remove it from scripts. This feature depends on air-helper, check out the documentation in air-helper for further instructions.

Disabled features

• Widgets
• Post formats
• Jetpack support
• (Threaded) comments
• Underscores Template tags
• Sidebar

Javascript

Structure

All .js files in /js/src/* is built to production bundles in /js/prod/ folder and development bundles in /js/dev/ folder with the same name and loaded corresponding to the WP_ENV environment variable. The production scripts can be loaded on development by using ?load_production_builds URL parameter. The main scripts file loaded in front end is /js/src/front-end.js.

If you want to add a piece of custom JS, create a file under /js/src/modules/ and import or require it in /js/src/front-end.js. If you need a admin-specific JS, add a /js/src/admin.js and then enqueue /js/dist/admin.js with enqueue_admin_scripts

Legacy support

Our build uses babel to translate scripts to ES2015 compatible JS, so you can use modern JS syntax without thinking about backwards compatibility. There is a /js/src/legacy.js file, which contains the needed polyfills for browsers not supporting the ES2015 syntax and is automatically loaded on the header when such browser is detected.

Linter

We use Airbnb es-lint presets spiced up with our own flavors.

Extra building blocks

Sticky navigation

Air has a sticky navigation baked in.

How to enable

You can enable the sticky navigation by uncommenting navSticky() in the js/src/front-end.js file.

WooCommerce support

Air had by default a basic WooCommerce support from version 1.9.2, and for a while it was been separated to its own repository, air-woocommerce since v2.5.6.

How to enable

Starting from v2.6.0 WooCommerce support comes with Air helper plugin and Air contains optional very basic WC styles. Air helper will add it's WC functionality when theme support for WooCommerce is added. To enable:

1. Get Air helper
2. Activate the plugin

Requirements

• PHP >= 8.3
• Requires at least: WordPress 4.7.1
• Tested up to WordPress 6.6.2

Recommendations for development

• macOS
• Devpackages - Npm and Gulp + plugins
• Dudestack - A toolkit for creating a new professional WordPress project with deployments. Heavily based on Bedrock by Roots.

How to build a new theme

Please refer to Wiki section Getting started in theming with Air-light.

Usage

See Documentation.

Contributing

If you have ideas about the theme or spot an issue, please let us know. Before contributing ideas or reporting an issue about "missing" features or things regarding to the nature of that matter, please read Please note section. Thank you very much.

If you want to contribute to the development, please follow these instructions:

1. Create a fork of this repository (or new branch if you have editor/maintainer permissions)
2. Make your changes
3. Create a pull request

Air development

Installation

If you want to improve air, you have two options.

1. Use dudestack

Air is originally built on dudestack. Install our development environment with these steps (unix only, sorry Windows!):

1. mkdir -p /var/www && cd /var/www/ && git clone https://github.com/digitoimistodude/dudestack
2. Go to bin folder cd /var/www/dudestack/bin and run bash wsl.sh or bash macos.sh depending on your platform. Follow instructions.
3. Run createproject, name project after airdev when asked
4. Wait for the project to be created (get a coffee, first time can take couple of minutes)
5. Create a fork of air-light (press fork button on GitHub) (or if you are Dude staff, just create new branch for changes)
6. Go to the themes folder of your WordPress instance via Terminal (cd /var/www/airdev/content/themes)
7. Clone your fork with git clone git@github.com:yourusername/air-light.git (replace yourusername with your actual username)
8. Cd to your new cloned repository cd /var/www/airdev/content/themes/air-light
9. Add devDependencies to package.json from here
10. Install the dependencies by running npm install inside the theme folder (if you don't have npm installed, see here or just use homebrew)
11. Wait npm to get through files (get another cup of coffee)
12. Activate theme - if you are using the lightweight macos-lemp-setup: cd /var/www/airdev && vendor/wp-cli/wp-cli/bin/wp theme activate air-light
13. Open whole project to your preferred coding editor, for example when using Visual Studio Code that would be code /var/www/airdev/content/themes/air-light or via GUI (Open folder).
14. Go to back to air-light dir with cd /var/www/airdev/content/themes/air-light and then run gulp and start developing! Please note, contributing to this theme is only possible when gulp is run from theme directory, NOT on project root.

You may want to add alias wp='./vendor/wp-cli/wp-cli/bin/wp' for macos-lemp-setup to be able to run WP-CLI with just wp.

2. Use your own stack

To install air-light to your own development environment, just clone your fork to your theme directory, activate the theme, and make changes. If you make changes to front-end (JS/SCSS), you'll need to use our gulpfile and npm dependencies, so make sure you go through steps 9-10 and 12 above.

When you make changes, commit them with clear describing commit messages and them make a pull request. We are happy to accept improvements!

Content and unit tests

Next you just need to add content and menu via airdev.test/admin, or you can use the ready-made content:

1. cd ~/Projects/airdev
2. wp plugin install wordpress-importer --activate
3. wget https://wpcom-themes.svn.automattic.com/demo/theme-unit-test-data.xml
4. wp import theme-unit-test-data.xml --authors=create

Debuggers

Air-light comes with PHP_CodeSniffer for PHP files, stylelint for SCSS/CSS files and eslint for JS files built inside gulpfile.js. Please note, you need to configure global versions of these separately!

It's also recommended to use Query Monitor plugin, as some debugging messages goes straight to it's logger.

For gulp

PHP_CodeSniffer needs to be installed under /usr/local/bin/phpcs with WordPress-Coding-Standards for php-debuggers to work properly in gulp. If you don't want to use phpcs with gulp, you can disable it by commenting out or deleting line gulp.watch(phpSrc, ['phpcs']);.

The golden rule here is to make sure the commands stylelint, eslint and phpcs work from command line.

How to install PHP_CodeSniffer with WordPress Coding Standards for Gulp

This tutorial is based on the official instructions in WordPress-Coding-Standards and can be found also in our Internal handbook How to install the latest PHP_CodeSniffers with latest WordPress-Coding-Standards (private)

First, remove the old phpcs installation if you have one:

sudo rm /usr/local/bin/phpcs

Then go to home (not really yet, just on your command line, lol):

cd $HOME

Then, install phpcs + WPCS via composer:

composer global config allow-plugins.dealerdirect/phpcodesniffer-composer-installer true
composer global require --dev wp-coding-standards/wpcs:"^3.0"

Symlink globally:

sudo ln -s $HOME/.composer/vendor/bin/phpcs /usr/local/bin/phpcs
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/phpcs

Get PHPCompatibility package:

composer global require --dev phpcompatibility/php-compatibility:"*"

Test it works:

phpcs -i

Output should read:

The installed coding standards are MySource, PEAR, PSR1, PSR2, PSR12, Squiz, Zend, PHPCompatibility, Modernize, NormalizedArrays, Universal, PHPCSUtils, WordPress, WordPress-Core, WordPress-Docs and WordPress-Extra

Check that other linters work: stylelint -v, eslint -v

For your editor

It's also best to have all stylelint, eslint, phpcs living inside your editor. We think Visual Studio Code is best for this, check out the plugins inside vscode-settings repository to make sure everything is installed.

Releasing a new version (staff only)

This release cycle will release a new version to:

• GitHub
• WordPress.org
• Demo site

Whenever you have updates that are worthwhile, commit them with clear commit messages and then do versioning. Every meaningful commit or bunch of commits that form a feature together make the version go up semantically 0.0.1.

Use bash alias (replace YOURUSERNAME with your own):

alias release_new_air_version='git push && git push --tags && rsync -av -e ssh --exclude={"/node_modules/*","/bin/*","/sass/*"} /var/www/airdev/content/themes/air-light/* YOURUSERNAME@YOURSERVER:/var/www/airwptheme.com/public_html/demo/content/themes/air-light/ && /var/www/airdev/content/themes/air-light/bin && sh air-move-out.sh && sh air-pack.sh'

The release cycle:

1. Commit your changes or merge a pull request
2. Search and replace version in style.css, functions.php, package.json, readme.txt, CHANGELOG.md. Remember update Tested up WordPress version as well.
3. Add a tag with git tag -a x.x.x commands, add the same description than in CHANGELOG.md
4. Run release_new_air_version (this will move dotfiles etc. out, take care of packing and will give the URL for uploading to WordPress.org)
5. Follow script instructions (do a theme check and upload the theme)
6. Run sh air-move-in.sh. This will move dev-version back and restore the git functionality.

That's it, you released a new version!

Notes

Gzip file sizes tested with wc -c css/prod/global.css and gzip -c css/prod/global.css | wc -c commands.

Theme developers please note: if you use phpcs in SublimeLinter as custom standard on dudestack, you will need extra content/themes/air-light subfolders inside the theme directory for it to work on both global projects and with air-light.

Known issues

See tool related issues in devpackages and air-light issue tracker.