[Blazor] Support state in NavigationManager

[javiercn]

Fixes #42617

Adds support for passing state during navigations via navigation manager and updates the authentication infrastructure to make use of it.

The previous authentication infrastructure implementation used JS interop and sessionStorage and the URL query string to pass data between authentication states.

This was brittle and required extra work to avoid things like CSRF logouts or to encode/decode error messages on the error UI states.

The new NavigationManager API simplifies associating a state that is associated with the navigation entry and not with the session (like sessionStorage) and allows simple communication between different pages with the benefit that there is no cleanup needed.

Part of the improvements on the auth system are going to rely on this to pass data from other pages to the authentication pages, but since this change is general purpose and a net positive, I separated it into its own PR.

[SteveSandersonMS]

Nice!

I know it would be annoying to go through CI all over again just to change one XML doc, so I totally understand if you prefer not to block this PR on it. If you wouldn't mind making that small tweak in your follow-up PR for auth, that would be great.

[javiercn]

I know it would be annoying to go through CI all over again just to change one XML doc, so I totally understand if you prefer not to block this PR on it. If you wouldn't mind making that small tweak in your follow-up PR for auth, that would be great.

It's ok, I had to update the JS files which I forgot after the rename, so I have updated the remarks to bring it inline with what the remarks on other properties mention.