Add Debian 13 "Trixie" images for .NET 10

[lbussell]

For .NET 10, these replace Debian 12 (Bookworm).

Fixes #6166

[lbussell]

Current failure is https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/tar/+bug/2059734.

There is a fixed package in testing but I'm not sure how to/if we can install it on our CI machines since they are hosted runners.

We can either 1) work around it like we did with noble, or 2) see if moving to Ubuntu 24.04 CI will fix it (it should).

[lbussell]

I think the best thing to do is use a workaround and then try and address the issue in a follow-up investigation/PR.

[richlander]

Thanks!