[Wasm RyuJIT] Shadow Stack Walker for Exception Handling

[kg]

See also #121830 and #121651

We will need to build infrastructure to walk the stack from #121830 when handling managed exceptions, invoking filter funclets as appropriate, and then throw a Wasm exception to unwind to the destination frame where the managed exception can be handled.

The actual stack may contain a mix of ryujit-compiled managed code, interpreted managed code, and native code. We will need to be able to transition between different unwinding modes as appropriate to respond to this.

(incomplete - work in progress)

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