Automate release process

[cPu1]

Description

This changelist automates the release process by removing the redundant steps of opening a PR against the release branch for bumping up the version.

Instead of generating Go code to set version.PreReleaseID, it's now passed via ldflags to go build. When the release candidate workflow is run, it gets the pre-release ID using nextPreReleaseID and passes it as an environment variable to goreleaser.

Closes #5317

Checklist

• Added tests that cover your change (if possible)
• Added/modified documentation as required (such as the README.md, or the userdocs directory)
• Manually tested
• Made sure the title of the PR is a good description that can go into the release notes
• (Core team) Added labels for change area (e.g. area/nodegroup) and kind (e.g. kind/improvement)

BONUS POINTS checklist: complete for good vibes and maybe prizes?! 🤯

• Backfilled missing tests for code in same general area 🎉
• Refactored something and made the world a better place 🌟