[8.19](backport #43356) [Chore][libbeat] Replace global logger with single logger instance

[mergify]

Proposed commit message

See https://github.com/elastic/ingest-dev/issues/5251

Checklist

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• I have made corresponding change to the default configuration files
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• I have added an entry in CHANGELOG.next.asciidoc or CHANGELOG-developer.next.asciidoc.

How to test this PR locally

Run this test in x-pack/filebeat/fbreceiver

go test -run ^TestMultipleReceivers$ ./x-pack/filebeat/fbreceiver -v

Related issues

• Part of https://github.com/elastic/ingest-dev/issues/5202
• For https://github.com/elastic/ingest-dev/issues/5251
• Relates [Chore] Add functions required for single logger instance elastic-agent-libs#297

Checklist

✅ libbeat Directories Checklist

• libbeat/cmd except link
• libbeat/asset
• libbeat/beat
• libbeat/ecs
• libbeat/generator
• libbeat/version
• libbeat/api
• libbeat/feature
• libbeat/ebpf
• libbeat/monitoring/report
• libbeat/instrumentation
• libbeat/idxmgmt

  ---

  This is an automatic backport of pull request [Chore][libbeat] Replace global logger with single logger instance #43356 done by Mergify.

[mergify]

Cherry-pick of 019fe1d has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/8.19/pr-43356
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/8.19'.

You are currently cherry-picking commit 019fe1d13.
  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
  (use "git cherry-pick --skip" to skip this patch)
  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)

Changes to be committed:
	modified:   filebeat/tests/integration/filebeat_test.go
	modified:   libbeat/api/server.go
	modified:   libbeat/api/server_test.go
	modified:   libbeat/beat/info.go
	modified:   libbeat/cmd/instance/beat_reexec_other.go
	modified:   libbeat/cmd/instance/locks/lock.go
	modified:   libbeat/cmd/instance/locks/lock_test.go
	modified:   libbeat/cmd/test/output.go
	modified:   libbeat/idxmgmt/idxmgmt.go
	modified:   libbeat/idxmgmt/std_test.go
	modified:   libbeat/instrumentation/instrumentation.go
	modified:   libbeat/instrumentation/instrumentation_test.go
	modified:   libbeat/monitoring/report/elasticsearch/client.go
	modified:   libbeat/monitoring/report/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.go
	modified:   libbeat/monitoring/report/elasticsearch/elasticsearch_test.go
	modified:   libbeat/monitoring/report/log/log.go
	modified:   libbeat/monitoring/report/log/log_test.go
	modified:   libbeat/outputs/elasticsearch/client_integration_test.go
	modified:   libbeat/outputs/elasticsearch/client_test.go
	modified:   libbeat/outputs/logstash/logstash_integration_test.go

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
	both modified:   NOTICE.txt
	both modified:   go.mod
	both modified:   go.sum
	both modified:   libbeat/cmd/instance/beat.go
	both modified:   libbeat/cmd/instance/beat_test.go
	both modified:   x-pack/filebeat/fbreceiver/receiver_test.go

To fix up this pull request, you can check it out locally. See documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally

[elasticmachine]

Pinging @elastic/elastic-agent-data-plane (Team:Elastic-Agent-Data-Plane)