Optimize FilterStreamInput for Network Reads (#52395) (#52403)

When `FilterStreamInput` wraps a Netty `ByteBuf` based stream it
did not forward the bulk primitive reads to the delegate.
These are optimized on the delegate but if they're not forwarded
then the delegate will be called e.g. 4 times to read an `int`.
This happens for essentially all network reads prior to this
change because they all run from a `NamedWritableAwareStreamInput`.

This also required optimising `BufferedChecksumStreamInput` individually to use bulk reads from the buffer because it implicitly assumed that the filter stream input  wouldn't override any of the bulk operations.

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/common/io/stream/FilterStreamInput.java

@@ -45,6 +45,21 @@ public void readBytes(byte[] b, int offset, int len) throws IOException {
         delegate.readBytes(b, offset, len);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public short readShort() throws IOException {
+        return delegate.readShort();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readInt() throws IOException {
+        return delegate.readInt();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readLong() throws IOException {
+        return delegate.readLong();
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void reset() throws IOException {
         delegate.reset();

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/translog/BufferedChecksumStreamInput.java

@@ -70,6 +70,30 @@ public void readBytes(byte[] b, int offset, int len) throws IOException {
         digest.update(b, offset, len);
     }
 
+    private static final ThreadLocal<byte[]> buffer = ThreadLocal.withInitial(() -> new byte[8]);
+
+    @Override
+    public short readShort() throws IOException {
+        final byte[] buf = buffer.get();
+        readBytes(buf, 0, 2);
+        return (short) (((buf[0] & 0xFF) << 8) | (buf[1] & 0xFF));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readInt() throws IOException {
+        final byte[] buf = buffer.get();
+        readBytes(buf, 0, 4);
+        return ((buf[0] & 0xFF) << 24) | ((buf[1] & 0xFF) << 16) | ((buf[2] & 0xFF) << 8) | (buf[3] & 0xFF);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readLong() throws IOException {
+        final byte[] buf = buffer.get();
+        readBytes(buf, 0, 8);
+        return (((long) (((buf[0] & 0xFF) << 24) | ((buf[1] & 0xFF) << 16) | ((buf[2] & 0xFF) << 8) | (buf[3] & 0xFF))) << 32)
+            | ((((buf[4] & 0xFF) << 24) | ((buf[5] & 0xFF) << 16) | ((buf[6] & 0xFF) << 8) | (buf[7] & 0xFF)) & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void reset() throws IOException {
         delegate.reset();