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golang-crossbuild Docker images

This repository contains Dockerfiles for cross building Go binaries for various platforms. The aim is to provide a simple way to build Go binaries for multiple platforms without having to install and configure cross compilers on your host machine. To do that the project provides a set of Docker images that can be used to build Go binaries for the following platforms:

  • linux/amd64
  • linux/arm
  • linux/armel
  • linux/armhf
  • linux/arm64
  • linux/mips
  • linux/mipsle
  • linux/mips64
  • linux/ppc64
  • linux/ppc64le
  • linux/s390x
  • windows/amd64
  • darwin/amd64
  • darwin/arm64

The Docker images are based on Debian and the cross compilers are installed using the crossbuild-essential package. Each architecture has its own folder with the files needed to build the Docker image for that architecture. Each architecture has its own Dockerfile to build a Docker image for that architecture. Each architecture Dockerfile installs the crossbuild-essential package for that architecture and the libraries needed to build our binaries. These Dockerfiles are generated files from Dockerfile.tmpl template file that is in the architectures folder. This template is processed using a Makefile that is in the architectures folder. Each architecture folder has a roofs folder that contains the files that will be copied to the Docker image in the root folder. In rootfs we have the compolers.yml file that contains the list of compilers that will be installed in the Docker image. Each Docker image has a basic compilation test that is executed when the image is built. This test uses rootfs/helloworld.c file to compile a simple C program and verify the architecture of the result binary. The compiler used to build the binaries is LLVM. Some of the Docker images are build for the amd64 and arm64 architectures, this allow to run the Docker images in linux/amd64, linux/arm64, darwin/amd64, and darwin/arm64. This is done using the .buildkite/scripts/buildx.sh command.

The Docker images are tagged using the following format:

  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<go-version>-<arch>-<debian-version>

For the latest version of the images based on the latest Debian and Go versions, the following tag is also used:

  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<go-version>-<arch>

Build tags

The tags match with the Golang version, and for each supported version there is a release in https://github.com/elastic/golang-crossbuild/releases.

Replace <GOLANG_VERSION> with the version you would like to use, for instance: 1.17.1

  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<GOLANG_VERSION>-arm - linux/arm64
  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<GOLANG_VERSION>-armel - linux/armv5, linux/armv6
  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<GOLANG_VERSION>-armhf - linux/armv7
  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<GOLANG_VERSION>-base
  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<GOLANG_VERSION>-darwin - darwin/amd64 (MacOS 10.11, MacOS 10.14)
  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<GOLANG_VERSION>-main - linux/i386, linux/amd64, windows/amd64
  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<GOLANG_VERSION>-main-debian7 - linux/i386, linux/amd64, windows/amd64
  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<GOLANG_VERSION>-main-debian8 - linux/i386, linux/amd64, windows/amd64
  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<GOLANG_VERSION>-main-debian9 - linux/i386, linux/amd64, windows/amd64
  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<GOLANG_VERSION>-main-debian10 - linux/i386, linux/amd64, windows/amd64
  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<GOLANG_VERSION>-main-debian11 - linux/i386, linux/amd64, windows/amd64
  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<GOLANG_VERSION>-main-debian12 - linux/i386, linux/amd64, windows/amd64
  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<GOLANG_VERSION>-mips-debian11 - linux/mips64, linux/mips64el
  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<GOLANG_VERSION>-mips-debian12 - linux/mips64, linux/mips64el
  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<GOLANG_VERSION>-mips32 - linux/mips, linux/mipsle NOTE: it does not exist from Golang versions > 1.18.5/1.17.12.
  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<GOLANG_VERSION>-ppc-debian11 - linux/ppc64, linux/ppc64le
  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<GOLANG_VERSION>-ppc-debian12 - linux/ppc64, linux/ppc64le
  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<GOLANG_VERSION>-s390x-debian11 - linux/s390x
  • docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:<GOLANG_VERSION>-s390x-debian12 - linux/s390x

glibc

  • Debian7 uses glibc 2.13 so the resulting binaries (if dynamically linked) have greater compatibility.
  • Debian8 uses glibc 2.19.
  • Debian9 uses glibc 2.24.
  • Debian10 uses glibc 2.28.
  • Debian11 uses glibc 2.31.

Old Build Tags

Until Golang version 1.15

Description Tags for 1.10 Tags for 1.11 Tags for 1.12 Tags for 1.13 Tags for 1.14 Tags for 1.15
linux/{amd64,386} and windows/{amd64,386} 1.10.8-main 1.11.13-main 1.12.12-main 1.13.12-main 1.14.15-main 1.15.14-main
linux/{armv5,armv6,armv7} 1.10.8-arm 1.11.13-arm 1.12.12-arm 1.13.12-arm 1.14.15-arm 1.15.14-arm
linux/arm64 See above See above See above See above See above See above
linux/{armv5,armv6} See above See above See above See above See above See above
linux/{armv7} See above See above See above See above See above See above
darwin/{386} 1.10.8-darwin 1.11.13-darwin 1.12.12-darwin 1.13.12-darwin 1.14.15-darwin 1.15.14-darwin
darwin/{amd64} 1.10.8-darwin 1.11.13-darwin 1.12.12-darwin 1.13.12-darwin 1.14.15-darwin 1.15.14-darwin
linux/{ppc64,ppc64le} 1.10.8-ppc 1.11.13-ppc 1.12.12-ppc 1.13.12-ppc 1.14.15-ppc 1.15.14-ppc
linux/{mips,mipsle,mips64,mips64le} 1.10.8-mips 1.11.13-mips 1.12.12-mips 1.13.12-mips 1.14.15-mips
linux/{mips64,mips64le} See above See above See above See above See above See above
linux/{mips,mipsle} See above See above See above See above See above See above
linux/s390x 1.10.8-s390x 1.11.13-s390x 1.12.12-s390 1.13.12-s390 1.14.15-s390 1.15.14-s390
linux/{amd64,386} and windows/{amd64,386} (Debian 7 (see below)) 1.10.8-main-debian7 1.11.13-main-debian7 1.12.12-main-debian7 1.13.12-main-debian7 1.14.15-main-debian7 1.15.14-main-debian7
linux/{amd64,386} and windows/{amd64,386} (Debian 8 (see below)) 1.10.8-main-debian8 1.11.13-main-debian8 1.12.12-main-debian8 1.13.12-debian8 1.14.15-main-debian8 1.15.14-main-debian8
linux/{amd64,386} and windows/{amd64,386} (Debian 9 (see below)) NA NA NA NA NA 1.15.14-main-debian9
linux/{amd64,386} and windows/{amd64,386} (Debian 10 (see below)) NA NA NA NA NA 1.15.14-main-debian10
linux/arm64 (Debian 9 (see below)) NA NA NA NA NA 1.15.14-base-arm-debian9

glibc

  • Debian7 uses glibc 2.13 so the resulting binaries (if dynamically linked) have greater compatibility.
  • Debian8 uses glibc 2.19.
  • Debian9 uses glibc 2.24.
  • Debian10 uses glibc 2.28.

Makefiles

There are several Makefiles in the profect across the different folders. The Makefile in the root folder is used to build the Docker images for the different architectures, it triggers the build of all Docker images for all architectures and Debian versions supported.

The file go/Makefile.common is the default Makefile used to build the Docker images for the different architectures. There is additional Makefile for each Debian version that is used to build the Docker images for that Debian version.

  • go/Makefile.debian7
  • go/Makefile.debian8
  • go/Makefile.debian9
  • go/Makefile.debian10
  • go/Makefile.debian11

No all architectures are supported in all Debian versions, so the Makefile for each Debian version will only build the Docker images for the architectures that are supported in that Debian version.

On the Makefiles there are some variables to define the name of the Docker image, the version of the Docker image, the Debian version, and the suffix to use in the tag of the Docker image.

NAME           := golang-crossbuild
VERSION        := 1.20.2
DEBIAN_VERSION ?= 9
SUFFIX         := -$(shell basename $(CURDIR))
TAG_EXTENSION  ?=

export DEBIAN_VERSION TAG_EXTENSION

DOCKER_CMD := docker build

In this example the name of the Docker image is golang-crossbuild, the go version is 1.20.2 that is uses as part of the tag, the Debian version is 9, the suffix is -debian9, and the tag extension is empty. Also the DOCKER_CMD variable is used to define the command to use to build the Docker image, in this case docker build.

The tag is build using the following format:

TAG := $(REPOSITORY)/$(NAME):$(VERSION)$(SUFFIX)$(TAG_EXTENSION)

The common variables to all the Makefiles are defined at Makefile.common file.

To more information about the supported architextures and the correlation with comercial names, you can check the Debian Supported Architectures page.

To make and push the Docker images for all the architectures and default Debian version, you can run the following command:

make build push

To make and push the Docker images for all the architectures and Debian 10, you can run the following command:

make -C go -f Makefile.debian10 build push

Finally, to build a single Docker image for arm architecture and Debian 10, you can run the following command:

make -C go -f Makefile.debian10 build push IMAGES=arm

Multiarch Docker images

Some of the Docker images are built for the amd64 and arm64 architectures, this allow to run the Docker images in linux/amd64, linux/arm64, darwin/amd64, and darwin/arm64. This is done using the .buildkite/scripts/buildx.sh command. To choose if build a Docker image for amd64 and arm64 or only for amd64, The Makefiles check fot the value o BUILDX and DOCKER_MULTIARCH variables. In the target Makefile the DOCKER_COMMAND is replaced with the .buildkite/scripts/buildx.sh command.

ifeq ($(DOCKER_MULTIARCH),1)
DOCKER_CMD := $(SELF_DIR)/../.buildkite/scripts/buildx.sh
endif

Docker images dependencies

The Docker images depends on each other, so there is an order to build them. The are two Docker images that are parent of all the other images, the fpm and the go/llvm-apple. Anytime a new Debian version is released, the fpm and go/llvm-apple image needs to be updated to use the new Debian version. The following diagram shows the dependencies between the Docker images.

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> Debian
    Debian --> fpm
    Debian --> base
    Debian --> base_arm
    Debian --> llvm_apple
    llvm_apple --> darwing_arm64
    base --> arm
    base --> armel
    base --> armhf
    base --> main
    base --> darwin
    base --> darwing_arm64
    base --> mips
    base --> mips32
    base --> npcap
    base --> ppc
    base --> s390x
Loading

Releasing images for a new Go version

With every new version of go we made a new branch with the name of the previous version to allow us to continue building the Docker images for the previous version of go. So if we are in go 1.21 and go 1.22 is released, we create a new branch 1.21, then we update the main branch to install go 1.22 as explained in the below steps:

  1. Update the Go version in .go-version.
  2. Update the Docker tag in Makefile.common.
  3. Run .github/updatecli.d/bump-go-release-version.sh "$(cat .go-version)"
  4. Update the versions listed in this README.md.
  5. Update the go-minor value in bump-golang.yml with the new minor go version, i.e: 1.22.
  6. Update the go-minor and branch values in bump-golang-previous.yml with the old minor go version, i.e: 1.21.
  7. Add an entry in the .mergify.yml file to support the label backport for backport-v1.x-1, i.e: backport-v1.21.
  8. Commit the changes. git add -u && git commit -m 'Update to Go 1.x.y'.
  9. Create a Pull Request with the description 'Update to Go 1.x.y'.
  10. When merging the PR, the automation will release those docker images.

NOTE: Due to the changes in the Debian packages repositories, there are no guarantees that the Docker images for the previous version of go will continue to work after some time.

Packaging MacOS SDK

The osxcross repository used to cross compile for MacOSX has instructions for packaging the SDK.

The instructions for packaging the SDK on a Linux instance are:

  1. Clone the osxcross repo.
  2. Install clang, make, libssl-dev, lzma-dev, libxml2-dev, libbz2-dev.
  3. Download [Xcode from Apple](Download Xcode: https://developer.apple.com/download/more]).
  4. Run ./tools/gen_sdk_package_pbzx.sh <xcode>.xip.

Usage Example

docker run -it --rm \
  -v $GOPATH/src/github.com/user/go-project:/go/src/github.com/user/go-project \
  -w /go/src/github.com/user/go-project \
  -e CGO_ENABLED=1 \
  docker.elastic.co/beats-dev/golang-crossbuild:1.16.7-armhf \
  --build-cmd "make build" \
  -p "linux/armv7"

This will execute your projects make build target. While executing the build command the following variables with be added to the environment: GOOS, GOARCH, GOARM, PLATFORM_ID, CC, and CXX.

fpm Docker image

This Docker image install the fpm tool that is used to build packages.

go/llvm-apple Docker image

The LLVM compiler present in Debian does not support arm64e architecture, so we need to build our own LLVM compiler to support this architecture. The llvm-apple Docker image is based on Apple LLVM fork and osxcross. The image build the LLVM compiler and configure the image to be able to cross compile for MacOSX.

LLVM need a SDK for macOS, the MacOSX-SDK used in the Docker image must be genarated from a MacOSX machine. For the instructions to package the MacOS SDK see the Packaging MacOS SDK section.

go/base Docker image

This Docker image is the base image for all the other Docker images, it contains the base packages fro cross compilation. It is build for amd64 and arm64 architectures for Debian 9+. In the folder you can find the sources.list file that contains the list of repositories to use to install the packages, this file is different for each Debian version. In some cases, this file must point to http://archive.debian.org/debian instead of http://deb.debian.org/debian to be able to install the packages, this happens when the Debian version reach the end of life.

The base image is the one that install the go compiler, and the build tools for the rest of Docker images. When a new version of go is released, the aDockerimage.tmpla files must be updated to install the new version.

go/base-arm Docker image

The base-arm image is the base image to crossbuild linux/arm64 binaries on arm hosts, it is build for Debian 7+. This image is user to crosscompile in linux/arm. It was replaced by the base image for Debian 9+ when we started to build multiarchitecture Docker images. It could be removed in the future, it allow to crosscompile arm binaries in linux/arm64 machines, that it is not needed because the native architecture is the same than the target architecture. It was added to golang-crossbuild due limitations of the build system.

go/main Docker image

The main image is the base image for the amd64 architecture, it is build for Debian 7+. It is used to cross compile for linux/amd, linux/amd64, win/amd, and win/amd64. This Docker immage add two libraries to the base image, libpcap and WpdPack to be able to capture network packages on diferent OS. Thes two libraries are precompiled and stored at https://storage.googleapis.com/ingest-buildkite-ci/sdks.

go/darwin Docker image

The darwin image is the base image for the MacOSX cross compilation, it is build for Debian 8+. It can compiles for darwin/amd (Debian 10+), darwin/amd64, darwin/arm64, darwin/arm64e, and universal binaries. This Docker image is based on the base image. It uses osxcross to configure the crosscompile for MacOSX. This image require a MacOSX SDK to be installed in the Docker image, for the instructions to package the MacOS SDK see the Packaging MacOS SDK section.

go/darwin-arm64 Docker image

The darwin-arm64 image is the base image for the MacOSX cross compilation, it is build for Debian 10+. It can compiles for darwin/amd64, darwin/arm64, and darwin/arm64e, and universal binaries. This Docker image is based on the base image. It uses the llvm-apple image to cross compile for MacOSX. The darwin-arm64 can replace the darwin image in the future, it is faster to build and it does not need to build osxcross and uses the official LLVM fork from Apple so it support enhacement for darwin architectures.

go/arm Docker image

The arm image is the base image for the arm64 architecture, it is build for Debian 9+. It is used to cross compile for linux/arm64. This Docker image is based on the base image.

go/armel Docker image

The armel image is the base image for the armel architecture, it is build for Debian 12+. It is used to cross compile for linux/armel. This Docker image is based on the base image.

go/armhf Docker image

The armhf image is the base image for the armhf architecture, it is build for Debian 9+. It is used to cross compile for linux/armhf. This Docker image is based on the base image.

go/mips Docker image

The mips image is the base image for the mips architecture, it is build for Debian 12+. It is used to cross compile for linux/mips. This Docker image is based on the base image.

go/mips32 Docker image

The mips32 image is the base image for the mips32 architecture, it is build for Debian 11+. It is used to cross compile for linux/mips32. This Docker image is based on the base image.

go/ppc Docker image

The ppc image is the base image for the ppc architecture, it is build for Debian 12+. It is used to cross compile for linux/ppc. This Docker image is based on the base image.

go/s390x Docker image

The s390x image is the base image for the s390x architecture, it is build for Debian 12+. It is used to cross compile for linux/s390x. This Docker image is based on the base image.

go/npcap Docker image

The npcap image is a placeholder for the npcap library, see npcap for more information.

Troubleshooting

bzip2 issues

If the gen_sdk_package_pbza.sh script gives an error that reads:

Error while extracting archive:(Metadata): bzip2 support not compiled in. (Success)

A manual work-around is needed in order to create the SDK (other people have reported that installing libbz2-dev fixed this issue).

First edit osxcross/tools/tools.sh to remove the trap line from the create_tmp_dir function (currently line 264).

Then re-run ./tools/gen_sdk_package_pbzx.sh <xcode>.xip.

Go to the tmp dir created in the build dir: cd osxcross/build/tmp_<X>.

Then run:

../../target/SDK/tools/bin/pbzx -n Content | cpio -i
cd ../..
XCODEDIR=osxcross/build/tmp_<X> ./tools/gen_sdk_package.sh

The SDK should be in the working directory. The tmp dir can be safely deleted after this.

The SDKs should be uploaded into the gs://ingest-buildkite-ci/sdks bucket on GCP (Google Cloud Platform). This is accessible to authorized users in the platform-ingest project here.

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