Bump min supported node version from 10.19 to 12.20

[sbc100]

This is the minimum node version that we support targeting. Bumping to v12.20 specifically allows us to start using node:xx for imports. See #18235

Fixes: #23652

[kleisauke]

The node: prefix in require(...) is only supported since v14.18.0, see:
#18235 (comment)
https://nodejs.org/api/modules.html#built-in-modules

[sbc100]

The node: prefix in require(...) is only supported since v14.18.0, see: #18235 (comment) https://nodejs.org/api/modules.html#built-in-modules

Oh wow, I was confused.

It looks like v14.18.0 does work.. but strangely v15.14.0 does not:

$ /usr/local/google/home/sbc/bin/node-v14.1/bin/node -e "require('node:fs')"
$ /usr/local/google/home/sbc/bin/node-v15.14.0-linux-x64/bin/node -e "require('node:fs')"
node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:927
  throw err;
  ^

Error: Cannot find module 'node:fs'
Require stack:
- /usr/local/google/home/sbc/dev/wasm/emscripten/[eval]
    at Function.Module._resolveFilename (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:924:15)
    at Function.Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:769:27)
    at Module.require (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:996:19)
    at require (node:internal/modules/cjs/helpers:92:18)
    at [eval]:1:1
    at Script.runInThisContext (node:vm:131:12)
    at Object.runInThisContext (node:vm:308:38)
    at node:internal/process/execution:77:19
    at [eval]-wrapper:6:22
    at evalScript (node:internal/process/execution:76:60) {
  code: 'MODULE_NOT_FOUND',
  requireStack: [ '/usr/local/google/home/sbc/dev/wasm/emscripten/[eval]' ]
}

[kleisauke]

Ah, looking at https://github.com/orgs/nodejs/discussions/45900#discussioncomment-4660547, I see where the confusion came from. The node: prefix has been supported since:

• Node.js ^12.20.0 or >=14.13.1 for ESM import;
• Node.js ^14.18.0 or >=16.0.0 for CommonJS require(...).

but strangely v15.14.0 does not:

Yeah, usually these features only land in LTS/even-numbered releases.

[kleisauke]

... here's a better reference: https://nodejs.org/api/esm.html#esm_node_imports.

[dschuff]

According to https://github.com/nodejs/release#release-schedule Node 16 was released in 2021-10-26 and went out of LTS support on 2023-09-11, almost 1.5 years ago. The version of node on Debian Stable (one of the more conservative distros about updating) is now on node 18. So it seems this should be pretty safe.
In any case I think we can go past node 10, not even https://www.herodevs.com/support/node-nes supports node 10 anymore.

[sbc100]

I think I'm going to abandon this change since bump to 12.20 doesn't really buy us anything (AFAICT). We would need to bump to 16 to be able to unconditionally use node: prefixed imported.