Increase free IRAM (#5499)

* Move functions out of IRAM when possible

umm_init() is called in OS startup after flash is enabled, and never
again.

cont_get_free_stack() shouldn't be called from IRQ.

Don't inline _iram_read_byte() function.

* Move system fault handler to flash, use new printf

The __wrap_system_restart call has been in flash for quite a while and
seems to be working fine.  There were some support routines that were
placed in IRAM (mistakenly thinking the wrap_restart caller was also in
IRAM) which are now moved to flash.

Clean up the printf code to use the new stdlib which handles PGM_P
strings as format and arguments without any difficulty.

* Make STR macro more unique

Add double-underscores to some string assistance macros to avoid
conflicts with user applications.

* Use function, not macro, to save code space

Save ~2KB final bin size by using a ets_printf_P function and not
an inline macro.  IRAM and HEAP unaffected.

* Don't actually touch the SP in the dump

Store a copy of the incoming stack pointer in the postmortem in order
to avoid actually changing the SP when a crash happend in BearSSL.

* Make C++ uncaught exceptions explicit

Use the term "Unhandled C++ exception" instead of just "Unhandled
exception" to make it clear such crashes are caused by a C++ throw
and now a system exception.

cores/esp8266/cont_util.c

@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ int ICACHE_RAM_ATTR cont_check(cont_t* cont) {
     return 0;
 }
 
-int ICACHE_RAM_ATTR cont_get_free_stack(cont_t* cont) {
+// No need for this to be in IRAM, not expected to be IRQ called
+int cont_get_free_stack(cont_t* cont) {
     uint32_t *head = cont->stack;
     int freeWords = 0;
 

cores/esp8266/core_esp8266_postmortem.c

@@ -62,32 +62,25 @@ extern void __custom_crash_callback( struct rst_info * rst_info, uint32_t stack,
 
 extern void custom_crash_callback( struct rst_info * rst_info, uint32_t stack, uint32_t stack_end ) __attribute__ ((weak, alias("__custom_crash_callback")));
 
-// Single, non-inlined copy of pgm_read_byte to save IRAM space (as this is not timing critical)
-static char ICACHE_RAM_ATTR iram_read_byte (const char *addr) {
-    return pgm_read_byte(addr);
-}
-
-// Required to output the s_panic_file, it's stored in PMEM
-#define ets_puts_P(pstr) \
-{ \
-    char c; \
-    do { \
-        c = iram_read_byte(pstr++); \
-        if (c) ets_putc(c); \
-    } while (c); \
-}
 
-// Place these strings in .text because the SPI interface may be in bad shape during an exception.
-#define ets_printf_P(str, ...) \
-{ \
-    static const char istr[] ICACHE_RAM_ATTR = (str); \
-    char mstr[sizeof(str)]; \
-    for (size_t i=0; i < sizeof(str); i++) mstr[i] = iram_read_byte(&istr[i]); \
-    ets_printf(mstr, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+// Prints need to use our library function to allow for file and function
+// to be safely accessed from flash. This function encapsulates snprintf()
+// [which by definition will 0-terminate] and dumping to the UART
+static void ets_printf_P(const char *str, ...) {
+    char destStr[160];
+    char *c = destStr;
+    va_list argPtr;
+    va_start(argPtr, str);
+    vsnprintf(destStr, sizeof(destStr), str, argPtr);
+    va_end(argPtr);
+    while (*c) {
+        ets_putc(*(c++));
+    }
 }
 
 void __wrap_system_restart_local() {
     register uint32_t sp asm("a1");
+    uint32_t sp_dump = sp;
 
     if (gdb_present()) {
         /* When GDBStub is present, exceptions are handled by GDBStub,
@@ -110,28 +103,24 @@ void __wrap_system_restart_local() {
     ets_install_putc1(&uart_write_char_d);
 
     if (s_panic_line) {
-        ets_printf_P("\nPanic ");
-        ets_puts_P(s_panic_file); // This is in PROGMEM, need special output because ets_printf can't handle ROM parameters
-        ets_printf_P(":%d %s", s_panic_line, s_panic_func);
+        ets_printf_P(PSTR("\nPanic %S:%d %S"), s_panic_file, s_panic_line, s_panic_func);
         if (s_panic_what) {
-            ets_printf_P(": Assertion '");
-            ets_puts_P(s_panic_what); // This is also in PMEM
-            ets_printf_P("' failed.");
+            ets_printf_P(PSTR(": Assertion '%S' failed."), s_panic_what);
         }
         ets_putc('\n');
     }
     else if (s_unhandled_exception) {
-        ets_printf_P("\nUnhandled exception: %s\n", s_unhandled_exception);
+        ets_printf_P(PSTR("\nUnhandled C++ exception: %S\n"), s_unhandled_exception);
     }
     else if (s_abort_called) {
-        ets_printf_P("\nAbort called\n");
+        ets_printf_P(PSTR("\nAbort called\n"));
     }
     else if (rst_info.reason == REASON_EXCEPTION_RST) {
-        ets_printf_P("\nException (%d):\nepc1=0x%08x epc2=0x%08x epc3=0x%08x excvaddr=0x%08x depc=0x%08x\n",
+        ets_printf_P(PSTR("\nException (%d):\nepc1=0x%08x epc2=0x%08x epc3=0x%08x excvaddr=0x%08x depc=0x%08x\n"),
             rst_info.exccause, rst_info.epc1, rst_info.epc2, rst_info.epc3, rst_info.excvaddr, rst_info.depc);
     }
     else if (rst_info.reason == REASON_SOFT_WDT_RST) {
-        ets_printf_P("\nSoft WDT reset\n");
+        ets_printf_P(PSTR("\nSoft WDT reset\n"));
     }
 
     uint32_t cont_stack_start = (uint32_t) &(g_pcont->stack);
@@ -152,54 +141,53 @@ void __wrap_system_restart_local() {
         offset = 0x10;
     }
 
-    ets_printf_P("\n>>>stack>>>\n");
+    ets_printf_P(PSTR("\n>>>stack>>>\n"));
 
-    if (sp > stack_thunk_get_stack_bot() && sp <= stack_thunk_get_stack_top()) {
+    if (sp_dump > stack_thunk_get_stack_bot() && sp_dump <= stack_thunk_get_stack_top()) {
         // BearSSL we dump the BSSL second stack and then reset SP back to the main cont stack
-        ets_printf_P("\nctx: bearssl \n");
-        ets_printf_P("sp: %08x end: %08x offset: %04x\n", sp, stack_thunk_get_stack_top(), offset);
-        print_stack(sp + offset, stack_thunk_get_stack_top());
+        ets_printf_P(PSTR("\nctx: bearssl\nsp: %08x end: %08x offset: %04x\n"), sp_dump, stack_thunk_get_stack_top(), offset);
+        print_stack(sp_dump + offset, stack_thunk_get_stack_top());
         offset = 0; // No offset needed anymore, the exception info was stored in the bssl stack
-        sp = stack_thunk_get_cont_sp();
+        sp_dump = stack_thunk_get_cont_sp();
     }
 
-    if (sp > cont_stack_start && sp < cont_stack_end) {
-        ets_printf_P("\nctx: cont \n");
+    if (sp_dump > cont_stack_start && sp_dump < cont_stack_end) {
+        ets_printf_P(PSTR("\nctx: cont\n"));
         stack_end = cont_stack_end;
     }
     else {
-        ets_printf_P("\nctx: sys \n");
+        ets_printf_P(PSTR("\nctx: sys\n"));
         stack_end = 0x3fffffb0;
         // it's actually 0x3ffffff0, but the stuff below ets_run
         // is likely not really relevant to the crash
     }
 
-    ets_printf_P("sp: %08x end: %08x offset: %04x\n", sp, stack_end, offset);
+    ets_printf_P(PSTR("sp: %08x end: %08x offset: %04x\n"), sp_dump, stack_end, offset);
 
-    print_stack(sp + offset, stack_end);
+    print_stack(sp_dump + offset, stack_end);
 
-    ets_printf_P("<<<stack<<<\n");
+    ets_printf_P(PSTR("<<<stack<<<\n"));
 
     // Use cap-X formatting to ensure the standard EspExceptionDecoder doesn't match the address
     if (umm_last_fail_alloc_addr) {
-      ets_printf_P("\nlast failed alloc call: %08X(%d)\n", (uint32_t)umm_last_fail_alloc_addr, umm_last_fail_alloc_size);
+      ets_printf_P(PSTR("\nlast failed alloc call: %08X(%d)\n"), (uint32_t)umm_last_fail_alloc_addr, umm_last_fail_alloc_size);
     }
 
-    custom_crash_callback( &rst_info, sp + offset, stack_end );
+    custom_crash_callback( &rst_info, sp_dump + offset, stack_end );
 
     delayMicroseconds(10000);
     __real_system_restart_local();
 }
 
 
-static void ICACHE_RAM_ATTR print_stack(uint32_t start, uint32_t end) {
+static void print_stack(uint32_t start, uint32_t end) {
     for (uint32_t pos = start; pos < end; pos += 0x10) {
         uint32_t* values = (uint32_t*)(pos);
 
         // rough indicator: stack frames usually have SP saved as the second word
         bool looksLikeStackFrame = (values[2] == pos + 0x10);
 
-        ets_printf_P("%08x:  %08x %08x %08x %08x %c\n",
+        ets_printf_P(PSTR("%08x:  %08x %08x %08x %08x %c\n"),
             pos, values[0], values[1], values[2], values[3], (looksLikeStackFrame)?'<':' ');
     }
 }

cores/esp8266/core_esp8266_version.h

@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
 
 #include <core_version.h>
 
-#define STRHELPER(x) #x
-#define STR(x) STRHELPER(x)
+#define __STRHELPER(x) #x
+#define __STR(x) __STRHELPER(x)
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C++"
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ namespace esp8266 {
 constexpr
 int coreVersionMajor ()
 {
-    return conststr::parseNthInteger(STR(ARDUINO_ESP8266_GIT_DESC), 0);
+    return conststr::parseNthInteger(__STR(ARDUINO_ESP8266_GIT_DESC), 0);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ int coreVersionMajor ()
 constexpr
 int coreVersionMinor ()
 {
-    return conststr::parseNthInteger(STR(ARDUINO_ESP8266_GIT_DESC), 1);
+    return conststr::parseNthInteger(__STR(ARDUINO_ESP8266_GIT_DESC), 1);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ int coreVersionMinor ()
 constexpr
 int coreVersionRevision ()
 {
-    return conststr::parseNthInteger(STR(ARDUINO_ESP8266_GIT_DESC), 2);
+    return conststr::parseNthInteger(__STR(ARDUINO_ESP8266_GIT_DESC), 2);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ int coreVersionRevision ()
 constexpr
 int coreVersionSubRevision ()
 {
-    return conststr::parseNthInteger(STR(ARDUINO_ESP8266_GIT_DESC), 3);
+    return conststr::parseNthInteger(__STR(ARDUINO_ESP8266_GIT_DESC), 3);
 }
 
 /*

cores/esp8266/umm_malloc/umm_malloc.c

@@ -1202,8 +1202,9 @@ static unsigned short int umm_assimilate_down( unsigned short int c, unsigned sh
 }
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-void umm_init( void ) {
+/* This function called only one time during OS startup after flash is */
+/* enabled.  No need to keep it in IRAM. */
+void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR umm_init( void ) {
   /* init heap pointer and size, and memset it to 0 */
   umm_heap = (umm_block *)UMM_MALLOC_CFG__HEAP_ADDR;
   umm_numblocks = (UMM_MALLOC_CFG__HEAP_SIZE / sizeof(umm_block));