nodemcu v2 pinmapping are outputting to the wrong pins

[therobotworkshop]

Hi,
First off I want to thankyou for incorporating the ESP into the Arduino IDE!

I have a www.doit.am esp12e devkit module with the motor shield board.
it programs fine with the Arduino IDE. Board esp12e, 80mhz etc
So I tested it with the blink sketch and if I said blink pin 0 it would blink pin 3 on the board/chip.
So here is the other pins.
pin0 = pin3
pin1 = flashing led on the nodemcu
pin2 = pin4
pin3 = nothing
pin4 = pin2
pin5 = pin1
pin6 = nothing
pin7 = nothing
pin8 = nothing

Any ideas?
Do I need a different firmware. I have version 0.95_20150318

Cheers

[igrr]

NodeMCU has weird pin mapping.
Pin numbers written on the board itself do not correspond to ESP8266 GPIO pin numbers. We have constants defined to make using this board easier:

static const uint8_t D0   = 16;
static const uint8_t D1   = 5;
static const uint8_t D2   = 4;
static const uint8_t D3   = 0;
static const uint8_t D4   = 2;
static const uint8_t D5   = 14;
static const uint8_t D6   = 12;
static const uint8_t D7   = 13;
static const uint8_t D8   = 15;
static const uint8_t D9   = 3;
static const uint8_t D10  = 1;

These are defined here.

If you want to use NodeMCU pin 5, use D5 for pin number, and it will be translated to 'real' GPIO pin 14.

[therobotworkshop]

Awesome. Thankyou so much.
Worked perfectly!

Cheers

[JerrySievert]

for others with the same issue that made it here, the pinouts can be found here:

https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/blob/master/variants/nodemcu/pins_arduino.h#L37-L59

[manuelseromenho]

Hello,

First of all thanks for all your work, without that I could not do this small project on university.
I have a newbie question, but first I show you my small code:

/*
   YF-S201 Hall Effect Water Flow Meter / Sensor
   http://www.hobbytronics.co.uk/yf-s201-water-flow-meter
   Read Water Flow Meter and output reading in litres/hour
*/

volatile int  flow_frequency;  // Measures flow meter pulses
unsigned int  l_hour;          // Calculated litres/hour                      
unsigned char flowmeter = D2;  // Flow Meter Pin number
unsigned long currentTime;
unsigned long cloopTime;

void flow ()                  // Interruot function
{ 
   flow_frequency++;
} 

void setup()
{ 
   pinMode(flowmeter, INPUT);
   Serial.begin(9600); 
   attachInterrupt(0, flow, RISING); // Setup Interrupt 
                                     // see http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/attachInterrupt
   sei();                            // Enable interrupts  
   currentTime = millis();
   cloopTime = currentTime;
} 

void loop ()    
{
      Serial.println(digitalRead(flowmeter));            // Print litres/hour
      delay(100);//Serial.println(" L/hour");

}

Based on a code made available on hobbytronics.co.uk.

The code it's very incomplete at the moment, but the idea it's to create a flow meter, where I can get information from the flowmeter into a pin of the nodemcu, I'm using the pin "D2", but I'm not sure if this is correct. Do I have to initialize this variables in my code?

static const uint8_t D0   = 16;
static const uint8_t D1   = 5;
static const uint8_t D2   = 4;
static const uint8_t D3   = 0;
static const uint8_t D4   = 2;
static const uint8_t D5   = 14;
static const uint8_t D6   = 12;
static const uint8_t D7   = 13;
static const uint8_t D8   = 15;
static const uint8_t D9   = 3;
static const uint8_t D10  = 1;

At the moment I only get 1's an 0's on Arduino Ide serial monitor. So when I send some air or water throught the flowmeter, the info on the monitor changes from zero to one, repeatedly.

[TheAustrian]

The flowmeter sends pulses - "Flow rate pulse characteristics: Frequency (Hz) = 7.5 * Flow rate (L/min)" - you need to count them (a variable that gets increased by one every pulse), divide by some time interval and output the result. At the moment you just display each pulse separately...

Edit: flow_frequency divided by some time (or reset every n miliseconds) is what you want to get out.

[igrr]

GPIO16 does support PWM.

[randmor]

I stand corrected, igrr! That was a fast response!

Continuing with igrr's comment...

Another way to define Arduino friendly names to the ESP8266 GPIO pins is to use
the C/C++ pre-processor directive #define as shown here:

#define D0 16
#define D1 5 // I2C Bus SCL (clock)
#define D2 4 // I2C Bus SDA (data)
#define D3 0
#define D4 2 // Same as "LED_BUILTIN", but inverted logic
#define D5 14 // SPI Bus SCK (clock)
#define D6 12 // SPI Bus MISO 
#define D7 13 // SPI Bus MOSI
#define D8 15 // SPI Bus SS (CS)
#define D9 3 // RX0 (Serial console)
#define D10 1 // TX0 (Serial console)

The advantage of using the #define commands is that they use up no memory in the compiled sketch. Feel free to strip out the comments as well.

I have a WeMos/LoLin NodeMCU that I bought a week ago and have been playing around (having played with the WeMos D1 board for a few weeks earlier). In testing the NodeMCU, I found out that the RX0 and TX0 pins are on D9 (GPIO3) and D10 (GPIO1) and they were not give names like D0 and D1 because these 2 pins are essentially reserved for Serial console communication. So, of the 11 GPIO pins (and ignoring the 5 GPIO pins used internally by the ESP8266 SoC (i.e. GPIO6, 7, 8, 9, 10 & 11)) that leaves only 9 GPIO pins which conveniently falls within the range of D0 and D8, and so were labeled this way.

The I2C Bus signals SCL and SDA have been assigned to D1 and D2 (GPIO5 & GPIO4) while the four SPI Bus signals (SCK, MISO, MOSI & SS) have been assigned to GPIO pins 14, 12, 13 and 15, respectively). That leaves just 3 pins unassigned D0, D1 and D4. Not much to play with. I guess we need to focus on I2C and SPI compatible devices when interfacing modules to this NodeMCU board.

However, the speed of the ESP8266 and convenience of WiFi should make this a popular alternative to the Arduino Uno and Arduino Nano. Now on to reliability testing...

[arlaor]

How I can use the GPIO module with Arduino IDE?
example
gpio.mode (pin1, gpio.INPUT); // Set pin1 to input mode
gpio.mode (pin2, gpio.OUTPUT); // Set to output mode pin2
gpio.mode (pin3, gpio.INT); // Set to interrupt mode pin3

and not have the problem;
'Gpio' does not name a type
'Gpio' was not Declared In This scope

[randmor]

==> arlaor
When programming the ESP8266 using the Arduino IDE and development system, you initialize the GPIO pins using the pinMode() function as shown below:

pinMode(16, OUTPUT);
pinMode(4, INPUT);
pinMode(5, INPUT_PULLUP);

The numbers (16, 4, 5) are GPIO pin numbers, and if you have a NodeMCU, these pins are most likely labeled D0, D1, D2... D8. But the Arduino development system needs to be told how to relate the "Arduino Friendly" pin names to the GPIO pin numbers. There are a couple ways to do this: either define D0 thru D8 as integer variables and initialize them to the GPIO pin numbers, or (my favorite way) use the C pre-processor command #define as shown below:

#define D0 16 // Defines "D0" as "16"

When you compile your code the pre-processor will go thru and substitute in "16" wherever there is a "D0". So, Arduino users don't have to worry about looking up GPIO pin numbers and such, just define it one time and include it in their source file.

The examples you gave (shown again below) do not look like Arduino "C" code unless there is some kind of library where a gpio object has been defined and it includes a "mode" member function.

gpio.mode (pin1, gpio.INPUT); // Set pin1 to input mode
gpio.mode (pin2, gpio.OUTPUT); // Set to output mode pin2
gpio.mode (pin3, gpio.INT); // Set to interrupt mode pin3

So, if I were to rewrite your code, I'd write something like:

    // Assign Arduino Friendly Names to GPIO pins
    #define D0 16
    #define D1 5
    #define D2 4
    #define D3 0
    #define D4 2
    #define D5 14
    #define D6 12
    #define D7 13

    void setup() {
      pinMode(D1, INPUT);        // Set pin D1 to input mode (Put Active High PushButton on D1)
      pinMode(D2, OUTPUT);    // Set pin D2 to input mode (Put LED & serial resistor 330 ohms on D2)
    }

   void loop() {
      int value = digitalRead(D1);    // Read state of PushButton
      if (value == HIGH) {
         digitalWrite(D2, HIGH);        // If HIGH, then turn LED on.
      } else {
         digitalWrite(D2, LOW);         // If LOW, then turn LED off.
      }
      delay(250);
    }

Try to compile this version. I believe it will work. Also, look under Arduino IDE's File/Examples/Basics for some examples sketches to clue you into how to write "sketches" (C programs) using the Arduino IDE. Also, they have some ESP8266 example sketches under File/Examples/ESP8266. Hopefully this will put you on the right track.

-WRM

[arlaor]

==> randmor
I have included in my NODEMCU 12E devkit a build custom firmware including GPIO and PWM modules and hoped to use this information (http://nodemcu.readthedocs.org/en/dev/en/modules/gpio/)
but Arduino IDE does not recognize the commands described in the attached link.

My problem is this: I have occupied all the pins of my board and when I use the pins GPIO3 (RX) and GPIO1 (TX) to control the switching on and off of leds by IR receiver sensor connected to GPIO14 (D5), my nodemcu not respond to commands and LEDs remain always on, as if they lost the instruction and remain always LOW HIGH.

When I use only the RX and TX pins as OUTPUT without connecting anything else on the board, they receive the HIGH and LOW commands, but when used in conjunction with other pins, these do not work and remain ON

I expected by instruction gpio.mode () would obtain solution to this problem, but from what I understand, they are equivalent to pinMode () commands.

questions: Is there any way to conver most of the pins (CLK, SD0, CMD, SD1, SD2, SD3, RX and TX) in pins OUTOUT/INPUT? by firmware or any module

[randmor]

I have also noticed some odd behavior when trying to use GPIO3 (RX), GPIO1 (TX) and GPIO15 (D8) when I was using all the Digital I/O pins (a test I was doing to check out my LoLin NodeMCU board. I found that I had to lift (take out) the jumper to GPIO3 (RX) and GPIO15 (D8) in order to be able to download compiled programs from my PC to the NodeMCU. Once downloaded, I could plug GPIO15 (D8) and GPIO3 (RX) and the sketch would be working. I did notice that if I reset the board, I would also have to lift these 2 pins in order to get it to boot up. Now, I can understand why using RX might mess up downloads or reboots as it is being used to receive data from the PC, but I'm clueless why D8 would also cause this problem. My circuit (as I recall) used an I2C_1602_LCD display on D1 and D2, an 4x4 matrix keypad (Columns on D0, D3, D8, and TX, Rows on D4, D5, D6 and D7). The best I could do was to use TX in place of RX, and then just lift D8 (GPIO15) whenever I downloaded new code or reset the NodMCU. Again, I'm a newbie to the ESP8266, so I don't know all the answers.

What I do know is the ESP8266 is a system on a chip (SoC) design with components like the processor chip bought from another vendor/manufacturer. The processor they use (I don't know the name/number or manufacturer) has 16 GPIO lines, some of which are used internally to interface with other components of the SoC, like flash memory. Because these several lines are used internally within the ESP8266 SoC, in the ESP8266 literature they talk only about 11 GPIO pins, 2 of which are generally reserved for RX and TX in order to communicate with a host PC from which compiled object code is downloaded. This leaves just nine real general purpose I/O pins, but a few of these have secondary functions assigned to them and are supported in software by Arduino libraries like the SPI and WIRE libraries. SPI uses 4 GPIO lines (called SCLK, MISO, MOSI and SS (aka CS)) and I2C uses two GPIO lines (called SDA and SCL). So, that just leaves 3 unassigned GPIO lines (pins). Again, the ESP8266 was designed more of as a WiFi server or WiFi Client, not as a Arduino Mega2560, so the number of GPIO pins was not among their primary concerns. If you need a WiFi board with more I/O capability, you might check out the Arduino MKR1000 board which as I recall has a few more pins available.

To live with what we got, I can offer a few suggestions. You can use "port expander" chips which are essentially serial-to-parallel shift registers with latched outputs (classic example: 74HC595). The use of shift registers to expand your number of I/O ports can be problematic, especially if you are relying on someone else's library of code to run it. Another option is making some or all of the devices you want to interface SPI or I2C bus compatible. I2C seems to be the most efficient option in terms of pins used. There are just 2, SDA (data) & SCL (clock). Many chip manufacturers use I2C (or SPI) to make their components interface to MCUs more easily, but they also require software to support them. So, having good software development skills is essential to get at the full potential of these devices.

Now if you look around the edges of the LoLin NodeMCU, you will see on the others side (opposite the side with the pins marked D0-D8, RX and TX, you will see a bunch of other pins. Some of these are power, ground and system related pins (EN, RST). We know A0 is the single on board ADC (Analog Input). "VU" is the +5V output from the board that comes from the PC via the USB cable (and Vin is where you can plug in a regulated +5V power supply to externally power the NodeMCU without having to use the USB cable.) Then we have S3, S2, S1, SC, S0 and SK. What are these pins used for? I don't really know. In previous versions of the NodeMCU (made by other manufacturers), most if not all these pins were labeled "Unassigned" as I recall from my random readings about the ESP8266 on the Internet. On more recent pinout diagrams of the NodeMCU and on the silkscreen artwork on the LoLin NodeMCU r3, these pins have been assigned some functionality. So far I have not found an article that describes their use (Can anyone else pipe-in on this?). If you accept the latest pinout diagrams (on GitHub as I recall), then the assigned functions seem to be:

 1.)  A second SPI Bus? Or do these pins just duplicate the SPI bus on this side of the board?
             S1 = MOSI                 // Is this the same as D7?
             SC = SS (aka CS)     // Is this the same as D8?
             S0 = MISO                 // Is this the same as D6?
             SK = SCLK                 // Is this the same as D5?

And what's the difference between SCLK, MOSI, MISO, CS and HSCLK, HMOSI, HMISO, HCS?
Other people, please pipe in if you know.

 2.)  Two more GPIO pins?
             S2 = GPIO10      // What? Isn't this GPIO pin being used internally by the ESP8266 SoC?
             S3 = GPIO9      // What? Isn't this GPIO pin being used internally by the ESP8266 SoC?

It appears that maybe of the latest releases of the ESP8266 maybe they have stream-lined the internal connections and freed up 2 GPIO pins (my best guess). Have yet to test these.

 3.) What are the orange SDIO pins all about? Seems to be another set of secondary functions assigned to the six mysterious pins. Are they supported by an ESP8266 Library or an Arduino Library?  How to use them?  Other folks, please pipe in if you know.

The above questions & comments refer to the pin-out diagram for the NodeMCU.

My testing of the ESP8266 has been sidelined until I figure out several means by which I can interface 3.3V components (MCUs) to 5V components (TTL). I am in the process of testing and documenting three methods by which 3.3V and 5.0V can be interfaced: "Two Resistor Voltage Divider", "The 3 Diodes in Series Method", and my favorite, the "FET Bi-Directional Level Shifter" (using BSS138 FETs). I am also experimenting with lowering the source voltage on 7400 Series HC Family chips like the 74HC04 hex inverter and maybe the 74HC595 shift resister.

I'll see if I can spend more time testing these 6 mysterious pins on the NodeMCU.

-WRM

[arlaor]

==> randmor
I appreciate the complete information you have given me. Now hopefully the ESP32 solve the limitation of GPIO ports

[DeckerDaniel]

Dear all,

I'm a beginner on nodemcu. I buyed a Wemos/Lolin v3 version and I'm testing with the arduino IDE examples. Can be a dummy question, but I tryied with all configurations that I found on the google to turn on the onboard led!
All information says that is connected on GPIO16 (D0) with inverted logic. How can I do it?

On the Schematic diagram I found "S1 Key". I don't see nothing more about this key.

I wil thank a lot any help