[fix] deprecated functions warnings for logger component with ESP IDF version 5.3.0+

[rvalitov]

What does this implement/fix?

Fixes compilation warnings for ESP IDF version 5.3.0+:

src/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp: In function 'void esphome::logger::init_usb_serial_jtag_()':
src/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp:40:50: warning: 'void esp_vfs_dev_usb_serial_jtag_set_rx_line_endings(esp_line_endings_t)' is deprecated: Please use usb_serial_jtag_vfs_set_rx_line_endings instead [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
   40 |   esp_vfs_dev_usb_serial_jtag_set_rx_line_endings(ESP_LINE_ENDINGS_CR);
      |   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from src/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp:14:
.platformio/packages/framework-espidf/components/vfs/include/esp_vfs_usb_serial_jtag.h:19:6: note: declared here
   19 | void esp_vfs_dev_usb_serial_jtag_set_rx_line_endings(esp_line_endings_t mode) __attribute__((deprecated("Please use usb_serial_jtag_vfs_set_rx_line_endings instead")));
      |      ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
src/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp:42:50: warning: 'void esp_vfs_dev_usb_serial_jtag_set_tx_line_endings(esp_line_endings_t)' is deprecated: Please use usb_serial_jtag_vfs_set_tx_line_endings instead [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
   42 |   esp_vfs_dev_usb_serial_jtag_set_tx_line_endings(ESP_LINE_ENDINGS_CRLF);
      |   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.platformio/packages/framework-espidf/components/vfs/include/esp_vfs_usb_serial_jtag.h:21:6: note: declared here
   21 | void esp_vfs_dev_usb_serial_jtag_set_tx_line_endings(esp_line_endings_t mode) __attribute__((deprecated("Please use usb_serial_jtag_vfs_set_tx_line_endings instead")));
      |      ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
src/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp:60:37: warning: 'void esp_vfs_usb_serial_jtag_use_driver()' is deprecated: Please use usb_serial_jtag_vfs_use_driver() instead [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
   60 |   esp_vfs_usb_serial_jtag_use_driver();
      |   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~
In file included from src/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp:13:
.platformio/packages/framework-espidf/components/vfs/include/esp_vfs_dev.h:63:6: note: declared here
   63 | void esp_vfs_usb_serial_jtag_use_driver(void) __attribute__((deprecated("Please use usb_serial_jtag_vfs_use_driver() instead")));

I would like to resolve this issue to support newer ESP32 boards that require a newer version of ESP IDF other than officially supported by ESPHome.

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Other

Related issue or feature (if applicable): fixes esphome/issues#6325

Pull request in esphome-docs with documentation (if applicable): esphome/esphome-docs#

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP32 IDF
• ESP8266
• RP2040
• BK72xx
• RTL87xx

Example entry for config.yaml:

# Example config.yaml
esphome:
  name: esphome
  friendly_name: ESPHome
  platformio_options:
    board_build.flash_mode: dio 

esp32:
  board: esp32-c6-devkitc-1
  variant: ESP32C6
  flash_size: 8MB
  framework:
    type: esp-idf
    version: 5.3.1
    platform_version: 6.9.0
    sdkconfig_options:
      CONFIG_ESPTOOLPY_FLASHSIZE_8MB: y
     
# Enable logging
logger:
  level: VERBOSE

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated in esphome-docs.

[probot-esphome]

Hey there @esphome/core, mind taking a look at this pull request as it has been labeled with an integration (logger) you are listed as a code owner for? Thanks!
_{^{(message by CodeOwnersMention)}}

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 54.05%. Comparing base (4d8b5ed) to head (11930fa).
Report is 1451 commits behind head on dev.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev    #7600      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   53.70%   54.05%   +0.34%     
==========================================
  Files          50       50              
  Lines        9408     9698     +290     
  Branches     1654     1344     -310     
==========================================
+ Hits         5053     5242     +189     
- Misses       4056     4130      +74     
- Partials      299      326      +27     

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