feat: add pathfinding exercise

exercises/relative-distance/canonical-data.json

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+{
+  "exercise": "relative-distance",
+  "cases": [
+    {
+      "uuid": "4a1ded74-5d32-47fb-8ae5-321f51d06b5b",
+      "description": "Direct parent-child relation",
+      "property": "degreeOfSeparation",
+      "input": {
+        "familyTree": {
+          "Vera": ["Tomoko"],
+          "Tomoko": ["Aditi"]
+        },
+        "personA": "Vera",
+        "personB": "Tomoko"
+      },
+      "expected": 1
+    },
+    {
+      "uuid": "30d17269-83e9-4f82-a0d7-8ef9656d8dce",
+      "description": "Sibling relationship",
+      "property": "degreeOfSeparation",
+      "input": {
+        "familyTree": {
+          "Dalia": ["Olga", "Yassin"]
+        },
+        "personA": "Olga",
+        "personB": "Yassin"
+      },
+      "expected": 1
+    },
+    {
+      "uuid": "8dffa27d-a8ab-496d-80b3-2f21c77648b5",
+      "description": "Two degrees of separation, grandchild",
+      "property": "degreeOfSeparation",
+      "input": {
+        "familyTree": {
+          "Khadija": ["Mateo"],
+          "Mateo": ["Rami"]
+        },
+        "personA": "Khadija",
+        "personB": "Rami"
+      },
+      "expected": 2
+    },
+    {
+      "uuid": "34e56ec1-d528-4a42-908e-020a4606ee60",
+      "description": "Unrelated individuals",
+      "comments": [
+        "Some languages may return 0, -1 or similar to indicate no relation"
+      ],
+      "property": "degreeOfSeparation",
+      "input": {
+        "familyTree": {
+          "Priya": ["Rami"],
+          "Kaito": ["Elif"]
+        },
+        "personA": "Priya",
+        "personB": "Kaito"
+      },
+      "expected": null
+    },
+    {
+      "uuid": "93ffe989-bad2-48c4-878f-3acb1ce2611b",
+      "description": "Complex graph, cousins",
+      "property": "degreeOfSeparation",
+      "input": {
+        "familyTree": {
+          "Aiko": ["Bao", "Carlos"],
+          "Bao": ["Dalia", "Elias"],
+          "Carlos": ["Fatima", "Gustavo"],
+          "Dalia": ["Hassan", "Isla"],
+          "Elias": ["Javier"],
+          "Fatima": ["Khadija", "Liam"],
+          "Gustavo": ["Mina"],
+          "Hassan": ["Noah", "Olga"],
+          "Isla": ["Pedro"],
+          "Javier": ["Quynh", "Ravi"],
+          "Khadija": ["Sofia"],
+          "Liam": ["Tariq", "Uma"],
+          "Mina": ["Viktor", "Wang"],
+          "Noah": ["Xiomara"],
+          "Olga": ["Yuki"],
+          "Pedro": ["Zane", "Aditi"],
+          "Quynh": ["Boris"],
+          "Ravi": ["Celine"],
+          "Sofia": ["Diego", "Elif"],
+          "Tariq": ["Farah"],
+          "Uma": ["Giorgio"],
+          "Viktor": ["Hana", "Ian"],
+          "Wang": ["Jing"],
+          "Xiomara": ["Kaito"],
+          "Yuki": ["Leila"],
+          "Zane": ["Mateo"],
+          "Aditi": ["Nia"],
+          "Boris": ["Oscar"],
+          "Celine": ["Priya"],
+          "Diego": ["Qi"],
+          "Elif": ["Rami"],
+          "Farah": ["Sven"],
+          "Giorgio": ["Tomoko"],
+          "Hana": ["Umar"],
+          "Ian": ["Vera"],
+          "Jing": ["Wyatt"],
+          "Kaito": ["Xia"],
+          "Leila": ["Yassin"],
+          "Mateo": ["Zara"],
+          "Nia": ["Antonio"],
+          "Oscar": ["Bianca"],
+          "Priya": ["Cai"],
+          "Qi": ["Dimitri"],
+          "Rami": ["Ewa"],
+          "Sven": ["Fabio"],
+          "Tomoko": ["Gabriela"],
+          "Umar": ["Helena"],
+          "Vera": ["Igor"],
+          "Wyatt": ["Jun"],
+          "Xia": ["Kim"],
+          "Yassin": ["Lucia"],
+          "Zara": ["Mohammed"]
+        },
+        "personA": "Dimitri",
+        "personB": "Fabio"
+      },
+      "expected": 4
+    },
+    {
+      "uuid": "2cc2e76b-013a-433c-9486-1dbe29bf06e5",
+      "description": "Complex graph, no shortcut, far removed nephew",
+      "property": "degreeOfSeparation",
+      "input": {
+        "familyTree": {
+          "Aiko": ["Bao", "Carlos"],
+          "Bao": ["Dalia", "Elias"],
+          "Carlos": ["Fatima", "Gustavo"],
+          "Dalia": ["Hassan", "Isla"],
+          "Elias": ["Javier"],
+          "Fatima": ["Khadija", "Liam"],
+          "Gustavo": ["Mina"],
+          "Hassan": ["Noah", "Olga"],
+          "Isla": ["Pedro"],
+          "Javier": ["Quynh", "Ravi"],
+          "Khadija": ["Sofia"],
+          "Liam": ["Tariq", "Uma"],
+          "Mina": ["Viktor", "Wang"],
+          "Noah": ["Xiomara"],
+          "Olga": ["Yuki"],
+          "Pedro": ["Zane", "Aditi"],
+          "Quynh": ["Boris"],
+          "Ravi": ["Celine"],
+          "Sofia": ["Diego", "Elif"],
+          "Tariq": ["Farah"],
+          "Uma": ["Giorgio"],
+          "Viktor": ["Hana", "Ian"],
+          "Wang": ["Jing"],
+          "Xiomara": ["Kaito"],
+          "Yuki": ["Leila"],
+          "Zane": ["Mateo"],
+          "Aditi": ["Nia"],
+          "Boris": ["Oscar"],
+          "Celine": ["Priya"],
+          "Diego": ["Qi"],
+          "Elif": ["Rami"],
+          "Farah": ["Sven"],
+          "Giorgio": ["Tomoko"],
+          "Hana": ["Umar"],
+          "Ian": ["Vera"],
+          "Jing": ["Wyatt"],
+          "Kaito": ["Xia"],
+          "Leila": ["Yassin"],
+          "Mateo": ["Zara"],
+          "Nia": ["Antonio"],
+          "Oscar": ["Bianca"],
+          "Priya": ["Cai"],
+          "Qi": ["Dimitri"],
+          "Rami": ["Ewa"],
+          "Sven": ["Fabio"],
+          "Tomoko": ["Gabriela"],
+          "Umar": ["Helena"],
+          "Vera": ["Igor"],
+          "Wyatt": ["Jun"],
+          "Xia": ["Kim"],
+          "Yassin": ["Lucia"],
+          "Zara": ["Mohammed"]
+        },
+        "personA": "Lucia",
+        "personB": "Jun"
+      },
+      "expected": 15
+    },
+    {
+      "uuid": "46c9fbcb-e464-455f-a718-049ea3c7400a",
+      "description": "Complex graph, some shortcuts, cross-down and cross-up, cousins three times removed",
+      "property": "degreeOfSeparation",
+      "input": {
+        "familyTree": {
+          "Aiko": ["Bao", "Carlos"],
+          "Bao": ["Dalia", "Elias"],
+          "Carlos": ["Fatima", "Gustavo"],
+          "Dalia": ["Hassan", "Isla"],
+          "Elias": ["Javier"],
+          "Fatima": ["Khadija", "Liam"],
+          "Gustavo": ["Mina"],
+          "Hassan": ["Noah", "Olga"],
+          "Isla": ["Pedro"],
+          "Javier": ["Quynh", "Ravi"],
+          "Khadija": ["Viktor"],
+          "Liam": ["Tariq", "Uma"],
+          "Mina": ["Viktor", "Wang"],
+          "Noah": ["Xiomara"],
+          "Olga": ["Yuki"],
+          "Pedro": ["Zane", "Aditi"],
+          "Quynh": ["Boris"],
+          "Ravi": ["Celine"],
+          "Sofia": ["Diego", "Elif"],
+          "Tariq": ["Farah"],
+          "Uma": ["Giorgio"],
+          "Viktor": ["Hana", "Ian"],
+          "Wang": ["Jing"],
+          "Xiomara": ["Kaito"],
+          "Yuki": ["Leila"],
+          "Zane": ["Mateo"],
+          "Aditi": ["Nia"],
+          "Boris": ["Oscar"],
+          "Celine": ["Priya"],
+          "Diego": ["Qi"],
+          "Elif": ["Rami"],
+          "Farah": ["Sven"],
+          "Giorgio": ["Tomoko"],
+          "Hana": ["Umar"],
+          "Ian": ["Vera"],
+          "Jing": ["Wyatt"],
+          "Kaito": ["Xia"],
+          "Leila": ["Yassin"],
+          "Mateo": ["Zara"],
+          "Nia": ["Antonio"],
+          "Oscar": ["Bianca"],
+          "Priya": ["Cai"],
+          "Qi": ["Dimitri"],
+          "Rami": ["Ewa"],
+          "Sven": ["Fabio"],
+          "Tomoko": ["Gabriela"],
+          "Umar": ["Helena"],
+          "Vera": ["Igor"],
+          "Wyatt": ["Jun"],
+          "Xia": ["Kim"],
+          "Yassin": ["Lucia"],
+          "Zara": ["Mohammed"]
+        },
+        "personA": "Tomoko",
+        "personB": "Qi"
+      },
+      "expected": 8
+    }
+  ]
+}

exercises/relative-distance/instructions.md

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+# Instructions
+
+Your task is to determine the degree of separation between two individuals in a family tree.
+
+- You will be given an input, with all parent names and their children.
+- Each name is unique, a child _can_ have one or two parents.
+- The degree of separation is defined as the shortest number of connections from one person to another.
+- If two individuals are not connected, return a value that represents "no known relationship."
+  Please see the test cases for the actual implementation.
+
+## Example
+
+Given the following family tree:
+
+```text
+      ┌──────────┐            ┌──────────┐ ┌───────────┐
+      │  Helena  │            │  Erdős   │ │  Shusaku  │
+      └───┬───┬──┘            └─────┬────┘ └──────┬────┘
+      ┌───┘   └───────┐             └──────┬──────┘
+      ▼               ▼                    ▼
+┌──────────┐     ┌────────┐          ┌──────────┐
+│   Isla   │     │  Tariq │          │   Kevin  │
+└────┬─────┘     └────┬───┘          └──────────┘
+     ▼                ▼
+┌─────────┐      ┌────────┐
+│   Uma   │      │ Morphy │
+└─────────┘      └────────┘
+```
+
+The degree of separation between Tariq and Uma is 3 (Tariq → Helena → Isla → Uma).
+There's no known relationship between Isla and [Kevin][six-bacons], as there is no connection in the given data.
+The degree of separation between Uma and Isla is 1.
+
+[six-bacons]: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Degrees_of_Kevin_Bacon

exercises/relative-distance/introduction.md

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+# Introduction
+
+You've been hired to develop **Noble Knots**, the hottest new dating app for nobility!
+With centuries of royal intermarriage, things have gotten… _complicated_.
+To avoid any _oops-we're-twins_ situations, your job is to build a system that checks how closely two people are related.
+
+Noble Knots is inspired by Iceland's "[Islendinga-App][islendiga-app]," which is backed up by a database that traces all known family connections between Icelanders from the time of the settlement of Iceland.
+Your algorithm will determine the **degree of separation** between two individuals in the royal family tree.
+
+Will your app help crown a perfect match?
+
+[islendiga-app]: http://www.islendingaapp.is/information-in-english/

exercises/relative-distance/metadata.toml

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+title = "Relative Distance"
+blurb = "Given a family tree, calculate the degree of separation."
+source = "vaeng"
+source_url = "https://github.com/exercism/problem-specifications/pull/2537"