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# Introduction | ||
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Your body is made up of cells that contain DNA. | ||
Those cells regularly wear out and need replacing, which they achieve by dividing into daughter cells. | ||
In fact, the average human body experiences about 10 quadrillion cell divisions in a lifetime! | ||
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When cells divide, their DNA replicates too. | ||
Sometimes during this process mistakes happen and single pieces of DNA get encoded with the incorrect information. | ||
If we compare two strands of DNA and count the differences between them, we can see how many mistakes occurred. | ||
This is known as the "Hamming distance". | ||
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The Hamming distance is useful in many areas of science, not just biology, so it's a nice phrase to be familiar with :) |
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# Instructions | ||
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Given an age in seconds, calculate how old someone would be on: | ||
Given an age in seconds, calculate how old someone would be on a planet in our Solar System. | ||
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- Mercury: orbital period 0.2408467 Earth years | ||
- Venus: orbital period 0.61519726 Earth years | ||
- Earth: orbital period 1.0 Earth years, 365.25 Earth days, or 31557600 seconds | ||
- Mars: orbital period 1.8808158 Earth years | ||
- Jupiter: orbital period 11.862615 Earth years | ||
- Saturn: orbital period 29.447498 Earth years | ||
- Uranus: orbital period 84.016846 Earth years | ||
- Neptune: orbital period 164.79132 Earth years | ||
One Earth year equals 365.25 Earth days, or 31,557,600 seconds. | ||
If you were told someone was 1,000,000,000 seconds old, their age would be 31.69 Earth-years. | ||
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So if you were told someone were 1,000,000,000 seconds old, you should | ||
be able to say that they're 31.69 Earth-years old. | ||
For the other planets, you have to account for their orbital period in Earth Years: | ||
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If you're wondering why Pluto didn't make the cut, go watch [this YouTube video][pluto-video]. | ||
| Planet | Orbital period in Earth Years | | ||
| ------- | ----------------------------- | | ||
| Mercury | 0.2408467 | | ||
| Venus | 0.61519726 | | ||
| Earth | 1.0 | | ||
| Mars | 1.8808158 | | ||
| Jupiter | 11.862615 | | ||
| Saturn | 29.447498 | | ||
| Uranus | 84.016846 | | ||
| Neptune | 164.79132 | | ||
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Note: The actual length of one complete orbit of the Earth around the sun is closer to 365.256 days (1 sidereal year). | ||
~~~~exercism/note | ||
The actual length of one complete orbit of the Earth around the sun is closer to 365.256 days (1 sidereal year). | ||
The Gregorian calendar has, on average, 365.2425 days. | ||
While not entirely accurate, 365.25 is the value used in this exercise. | ||
See [Year on Wikipedia][year] for more ways to measure a year. | ||
[pluto-video]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_2gbGXzFbs | ||
[year]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year#Summary | ||
~~~~ |
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# Introduction | ||
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The year is 2525 and you've just embarked on a journey to visit all planets in the Solar System (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune). | ||
The first stop is Mercury, where customs require you to fill out a form (bureaucracy is apparently _not_ Earth-specific). | ||
As you hand over the form to the customs officer, they scrutinize it and frown. | ||
"Do you _really_ expect me to believe you're just 50 years old? | ||
You must be closer to 200 years old!" | ||
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Amused, you wait for the customs officer to start laughing, but they appear to be dead serious. | ||
You realize that you've entered your age in _Earth years_, but the officer expected it in _Mercury years_! | ||
As Mercury's orbital period around the sun is significantly shorter than Earth, you're actually a lot older in Mercury years. | ||
After some quick calculations, you're able to provide your age in Mercury Years. | ||
The customs officer smiles, satisfied, and waves you through. | ||
You make a mental note to pre-calculate your planet-specific age _before_ future customs checks, to avoid such mix-ups. | ||
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~~~~exercism/note | ||
If you're wondering why Pluto didn't make the cut, go watch [this YouTube video][pluto-video]. | ||
[pluto-video]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_2gbGXzFbs | ||
~~~~ |
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# Instructions | ||
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Given a natural radicand, return its square root. | ||
Your task is to calculate the square root of a given number. | ||
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Note that the term "radicand" refers to the number for which the root is to be determined. | ||
That is, it is the number under the root symbol. | ||
- Try to avoid using the pre-existing math libraries of your language. | ||
- As input you'll be given a positive whole number, i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4… | ||
- You are only required to handle cases where the result is a positive whole number. | ||
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Check out the Wikipedia pages on [square root][square-root] and [methods of computing square roots][computing-square-roots]. | ||
Some potential approaches: | ||
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Recall also that natural numbers are positive real whole numbers (i.e. 1, 2, 3 and up). | ||
- Linear or binary search for a number that gives the input number when squared. | ||
- Successive approximation using Newton's or Heron's method. | ||
- Calculating one digit at a time or one bit at a time. | ||
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[square-root]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root | ||
You can check out the Wikipedia pages on [integer square root][integer-square-root] and [methods of computing square roots][computing-square-roots] to help with choosing a method of calculation. | ||
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[integer-square-root]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_square_root | ||
[computing-square-roots]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_computing_square_roots |
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# Introduction | ||
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We are launching a deep space exploration rocket and we need a way to make sure the navigation system stays on target. | ||
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As the first step in our calculation, we take a target number and find its square root (that is, the number that when multiplied by itself equals the target number). | ||
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The journey will be very long. | ||
To make the batteries last as long as possible, we had to make our rocket's onboard computer very power efficient. | ||
Unfortunately that means that we can't rely on fancy math libraries and functions, as they use more power. | ||
Instead we want to implement our own square root calculation. |
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