feat: upgrade TypeScript to 4.4

[wschurman]

Why

We're a few versions behind. This comes with quite a few new features, but the ones that affect this repo or are likely to affect it are:

• noPropertyAccessFromIndexSignature: stricter rules around property access on not-well-specified object types. Helps with property misspellings mostly.
• noUncheckedIndexedAccess: stricter index access checks where array indexing can return undefined. This is much more in alignment with this codebase's style than unchecked, but I can see how it may not be appropriate for all codebases.
• exactOptionalPropertyTypes: Makes assigning undefined to an object property value need to specify it as a possible RHS value rather than the odd left-hand ? operator. This is more along the lines of how I think about typesystems working with JS objects, and is how this codebase was written in most cases (fixes a couple). This helps with a rare but potential bug due to a difference between a property existing and being assigned to undefined and not existing.
• Always truthy promise checks https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-4-3.html#always-truthy-promise-checks - We already have a lint rule for this I believe, but this codifies it in the typechecker which is better.
• override (next PR): https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-4-3.html#override-and-the---noimplicitoverride-flag
• defaulting to useUnknownInCatchVariables in strict: Since JS can throw non-errors this is more correct, and even if we don't expect/allow first-party code to throw non-errors, libraries may still do it. This helps us catch odd bugs where that may be the case.

In addition to those, it is faster in general.

How

Upgrade the package. Ensure all tests and docs generation pass.

Test Plan

Wait for CI.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #134 (7e7af00) into master (1201cc0) will increase coverage by 0.02%.
The diff coverage is 97.14%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #134      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   95.77%   95.79%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files          70       70              
  Lines        1799     1809      +10     
  Branches      196      223      +27     
==========================================
+ Hits         1723     1733      +10     
  Misses         75       75              
  Partials        1        1              

Flag	Coverage Δ
integration	95.79% <97.14%> (+0.02%)	⬆️
unittest	95.79% <97.14%> (+0.02%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
packages/entity/src/EntityDatabaseAdapter.ts	100.00% <ø> (ø)
packages/entity/src/EntityFields.ts	100.00% <ø> (ø)
...ty-example/src/adapters/InMemoryDatabaseAdapter.ts	45.83% <50.00%> (ø)
...tity-cache-adapter-redis/src/GenericRedisCacher.ts	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...apter-redis/src/errors/wrapNativeRedisCallAsync.ts	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...-adapter-knex/src/PostgresEntityDatabaseAdapter.ts	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...ter-knex/src/errors/wrapNativePostgresCallAsync.ts	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
packages/entity/src/EntityLoader.ts	89.13% <100.00%> (+0.24%)	⬆️
packages/entity/src/EntityPrivacyPolicy.ts	96.61% <100.00%> (ø)
packages/entity/src/internal/EntityDataManager.ts	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
... and 1 more

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[ide]

For APIs it's usually nicer to be able to omit a field than to need to write { unusedOption: undefined }. Depending on how this code is called into, it might be better to write: { orderBy?: {...} | undefined } to allow both.

[wschurman]

This is an internal-only type that is the internal representation of QuerySelectionModifiers, the main difference being that it contains the translated column name. Because it's used internally only we can ensure that all constructions of it contain explicit undefined (only place that creates one is convertToTableQueryModifiers in this file).

[jkhales]

🥳