Devcontainer upgrade and implement workaround for #10769

[GingerGeek]

Pre-flight checklist

• I have read the Contributing Guidelines on pull requests.
• If this is a code change: I have written unit tests and/or added dogfooding pages to fully verify the new behavior.
• If this is a new API or substantial change: the PR has an accompanying issue (closes #0000) and the maintainers have approved on my working plan.

Motivation

Upgrades Dev Container to Ubuntu 24.04 base and Node 22 (latest LTS)

Also migrates VSCode configuration/settings to correct place in schema

Adds a fairly hacky workaround for #10769 where if the start or serve commands are ran within Remote Containers it will default to 127.0.0.1 instead of localhost. Ideally this would have been a cleaner refactor, or fixed somewhere upstream (ie vscode forwards port correctly, or webpack dev server support dual-stack binding)

Test Plan

Test links

Deploy preview: https://deploy-preview-_____--docusaurus-2.netlify.app/

Related issues/PRs

#10769

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[github-actions]

⚡️ Lighthouse report for the deploy preview of this PR

URL	Performance	Accessibility	Best Practices	SEO	Report
/	🟠 69	🟢 98	🟢 96	🟢 100	Report
/docs/installation	🟠 59	🟢 97	🟢 100	🟢 100	Report
/docs/category/getting-started	🟠 75	🟢 100	🟢 100	🟠 86	Report
/blog	🟠 63	🟢 96	🟢 100	🟠 86	Report
/blog/preparing-your-site-for-docusaurus-v3	🔴 49	🟢 92	🟢 100	🟢 100	Report
/blog/tags/release	🟠 65	🟢 96	🟢 100	🟠 86	Report
/blog/tags	🟠 75	🟢 100	🟢 100	🟠 86	Report