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Case study: Amazon's Recommendation System #23

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@caalo caalo commented Dec 14, 2023

First draft; text only.

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github-actions bot commented Dec 14, 2023

⚠️ spelling errors ⚠️
There are spelling errors that need to be addressed. Read this guide for more info.
Download the errors here.
Comment updated at 2023-12-20 with changes from e01978f

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github-actions bot commented Dec 14, 2023

No broken urls! 🎉
Comment updated at 2023-12-20 with changes from e01978f

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github-actions bot commented Dec 14, 2023

Re-rendered previews from the latest commit:

Updated at 2023-12-20 with changes from e01978f

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Looks great, love the images.

There are a few dates and such missing from the citations - make sure these look okay when you check out the preview.

I was also thinking the case studies for course 1 should be moved to the end after 01f-AI_Possibilities-ground_rules.Rmd and could even be their own chapter "Case Studies". That way, you don't have to worry about defining terms ("neural network" "encoder" etc).

Make sure you add any spelling flags to the dictionary.txt file if they are actually words and you don't want them to be flagged by the spellchecker.


In the early 2000’s, Amazon’s recommendation system was based on a method called “collaborative filtering”. The term comes from the fact that the method tries to predict a customer’s buying habits based on other similar customers in the marketplace.

Here is how it worked: The history of a customer on all items in the marketplace is stored as a large numerical list. Given a customer’s purchasing history list, the collaborative filtering algorithm looks for similar customers with similar purchasing patterns via a similarity score. The algorithm makes product recommendations based on their these similar customers’ top purchases. This is called customer-based collaborative filtering.
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How about breaking this paragraph down into bullets or numbers?


Here is how it worked: The history of a customer on all items in the marketplace is stored as a large numerical list. Given a customer’s purchasing history list, the collaborative filtering algorithm looks for similar customers with similar purchasing patterns via a similarity score. The algorithm makes product recommendations based on their these similar customers’ top purchases. This is called customer-based collaborative filtering.

However, this recommendation process was not particularly efficient: computing the similarity score between all customers was slow, and this had to be done regularly, as customers purchasing habits changed regularly. The system was not very stable. @sarwar2001item
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I'd put the citations throughout within brackets, eg.

  • @sarwar2001item > [@sarwar2001item]


As the number of Amazon users grew faster than the number of marketplace products, scientists thought about creating more stability by looking at the purchasing history of a product by customers instead. This is called item-based collaborative filtering. Given a customer’s recently purchased items, this new algorithm finds items that have a similar purchasing pattern, and recommend it to the customer.

A product’s purchasing history by all customers did not change quickly, so computing the similarity between all products did not have to be done regularly. This system was much more stable. @amazon-recommendation-history
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Date missing on this ref?


There are still many active areas of research to improve recommendation systems!

For instance, the order of purchase should be considered. A customer is likely to buy a smartphone, then buy a phone case, but not the other way around. Scientists have started to explore modeling items using a network, and using arrows between items to represent the likely purchase order. @amazon-gnn-recommendation
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date missing on @amazon-gnn-recommendation and @linden2003two

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github-actions bot commented Dec 20, 2023

No quiz formatting errors! 🎉
Comment updated at 2023-12-20 with changes from e01978f

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