[all] Switch to pedantic lint package

[mklim]

Description

Our analysis_options.yaml was supposed to be a mirror of
flutter/flutter but had fallen out of date. This will be an easier way
to keep it standardized and synced.

This also required fixing all the lint errors brought in by that lint
package. Most of them were missing awaits.

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[sarbagyastha]

Since, pedantic is only used for analysis_options.yaml, isn't it best to set it as dev_dependency, expect for package_info?

[mklim]

@sarbagyastha yeah, good catch. This PR is still just a work in progress, there's some more things I'd like to fix here before landing it.

[mklim]

I'm closing this for now in favor of a more gradual approach, #2300. I don't think it's practical to try to add and fix all these new rules at once.