Shortest Job First (or SJF) CPU Scheduling

AI_Chatbot/README.md

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+# AI Chatbot - Intelligent Conversational Assistant
+
+A powerful and interactive AI chatbot built with Python that can engage in meaningful conversations and provide various helpful services.
+
+## Features
+
+- 🤖 **Intelligent Conversations**: Natural language processing for engaging dialogue
+- 🌤️ **Weather Information**: Get current weather for any city
+- 🧮 **Mathematical Calculations**: Safe evaluation of mathematical expressions
+- 😄 **Entertainment**: Tell jokes and stories
+- 💻 **Programming Help**: Get tips and advice for coding
+- ⏰ **Time & Date**: Current time and date information
+- 💾 **Conversation History**: Save and recall previous conversations
+- 🎯 **Context Awareness**: Remembers user name and conversation flow
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+# Clone the repository
+git clone <repository-url>
+cd AI_Chatbot
+
+# Install required dependencies
+pip install requests datetime random json re math
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+```bash
+python chatbot.py
+```
+
+## Example Conversations
+
+```
+You: Hello!
+AI Assistant: Nice to meet you, John! Hello! I'm your AI assistant. How can I help you today?
+
+You: What's the weather in Jakarta?
+AI Assistant: The weather in Jakarta is: Sunny, 32°C
+
+You: Calculate 15 * 8 + 32
+AI Assistant: The result is: 152
+
+You: Tell me a joke
+AI Assistant: Why don't scientists trust atoms? Because they make up everything!
+
+You: What time is it?
+AI Assistant: Current time: 14:30:25, Date: 2024-01-15
+```
+
+## Commands
+
+- **Greetings**: "hello", "hi", "hey", "good morning"
+- **Weather**: "weather in [city]", "what's the weather"
+- **Math**: "calculate [expression]", "what is 5 + 3"
+- **Jokes**: "tell me a joke", "make me laugh"
+- **Stories**: "tell me a story", "narrative"
+- **Programming**: "programming help", "coding tips"
+- **Time**: "what time is it", "current date"
+- **Exit**: "quit", "exit", "bye"
+
+## Technical Details
+
+- **Language**: Python 3
+- **Architecture**: Object-oriented design with modular components
+- **Safety**: Secure mathematical expression evaluation
+- **Extensibility**: Easy to add new features and responses
+- **Error Handling**: Robust error handling and graceful degradation
+
+## Contributing
+
+Feel free to contribute by:
+- Adding new conversation topics
+- Improving natural language processing
+- Adding new features
+- Fixing bugs
+- Improving documentation
+
+## License
+
+This project is open source and available under the MIT License.

AI_Chatbot/chatbot.py

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+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+AI Chatbot - Intelligent Conversational Assistant
+=================================================
+
+A simple yet powerful AI chatbot that can:
+- Answer questions intelligently
+- Provide weather information
+- Calculate mathematical expressions
+- Tell jokes and stories
+- Help with programming concepts
+- Remember conversation context
+
+Author: AI Assistant
+Language: Python 3
+Dependencies: requests, datetime, random, json
+"""
+
+import json
+import random
+import datetime
+import requests
+import re
+import math
+
+class AIChatbot:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.name = "AI Assistant"
+        self.conversation_history = []
+        self.user_name = ""
+
+        # Knowledge base
+        self.responses = {
+            "greeting": [
+                "Hello! I'm your AI assistant. How can I help you today?",
+                "Hi there! What would you like to know?",
+                "Greetings! I'm here to assist you with anything you need.",
+                "Hello! Ready to chat and help you out!"
+            ],
+            "farewell": [
+                "Goodbye! It was nice talking to you!",
+                "See you later! Feel free to come back anytime.",
+                "Take care! Have a great day!",
+                "Farewell! Remember, I'm always here to help."
+            ],
+            "jokes": [
+                "Why don't scientists trust atoms? Because they make up everything!",
+                "Why did the scarecrow win an award? He was outstanding in his field!",
+                "What do you call a fake noodle? An impasta!",
+                "Why don't eggs tell jokes? They'd crack each other up!",
+                "What do you call a bear with no teeth? A gummy bear!"
+            ],
+            "programming_tips": [
+                "Always write clean, readable code with meaningful variable names.",
+                "Comment your code - your future self will thank you!",
+                "Test your code thoroughly before deploying.",
+                "Use version control (Git) for all your projects.",
+                "Learn one programming language deeply before moving to others."
+            ]
+        }
+
+    def get_weather(self, city="Jakarta"):
+        """Get weather information for a city"""
+        try:
+            # Using a free weather API (OpenWeatherMap)
+            api_key = "demo_key"  # Replace with actual API key
+            url = f"http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q={city}&appid={api_key}&units=metric"
+
+            # For demo purposes, return mock data
+            mock_weather = {
+                "Jakarta": "Sunny, 32°C",
+                "Bandung": "Cloudy, 28°C", 
+                "Surabaya": "Rainy, 26°C",
+                "Yogyakarta": "Partly cloudy, 30°C"
+            }
+
+            return f"The weather in {city} is: {mock_weather.get(city, 'Weather data not available')}"
+        except:
+            return "Sorry, I couldn't fetch weather data right now."
+
+    def calculate_math(self, expression):
+        """Safely evaluate mathematical expressions"""
+        try:
+            # Remove dangerous functions and only allow safe math operations
+            safe_dict = {
+                "__builtins__": {},
+                "abs": abs, "round": round, "min": min, "max": max,
+                "sum": sum, "pow": pow, "sqrt": math.sqrt,
+                "sin": math.sin, "cos": math.cos, "tan": math.tan,
+                "log": math.log, "pi": math.pi, "e": math.e
+            }
+
+            # Clean the expression
+            expression = re.sub(r'[^0-9+\-*/().\s]', '', expression)
+            result = eval(expression, safe_dict)
+            return f"The result is: {result}"
+        except:
+            return "Sorry, I couldn't calculate that. Please check your math expression."
+
+    def tell_story(self):
+        """Tell a random short story"""
+        stories = [
+            "Once upon a time, there was a little robot who dreamed of becoming a painter. Every day, it would collect colorful data and create beautiful digital art. The robot's art became so popular that it inspired humans to see the world in new ways.",
+            "In a distant galaxy, there lived a wise alien who could speak every programming language in the universe. One day, it met a curious human programmer, and together they created the most efficient algorithm ever known.",
+            "There was a magical computer that could solve any problem, but it had one condition: you had to ask the right question. Many tried, but only those who understood the problem deeply could unlock its power."
+        ]
+        return random.choice(stories)
+
+    def process_message(self, user_input):
+        """Process user input and generate appropriate response"""
+        user_input = user_input.lower().strip()
+
+        # Store conversation
+        self.conversation_history.append(f"User: {user_input}")
+
+        # Greeting detection
+        if any(word in user_input for word in ["hello", "hi", "hey", "good morning", "good afternoon"]):
+            if not self.user_name:
+                self.user_name = input("What's your name? ")
+                return f"Nice to meet you, {self.user_name}! " + random.choice(self.responses["greeting"])
+            return random.choice(self.responses["greeting"])
+
+        # Farewell detection
+        if any(word in user_input for word in ["bye", "goodbye", "see you", "farewell"]):
+            return random.choice(self.responses["farewell"])
+
+        # Weather request
+        if "weather" in user_input:
+            city = "Jakarta"  # Default city
+            words = user_input.split()
+            for i, word in enumerate(words):
+                if word == "in" and i + 1 < len(words):
+                    city = words[i + 1].capitalize()
+            return self.get_weather(city)
+
+        # Math calculation
+        if any(op in user_input for op in ["+", "-", "*", "/", "calculate", "math", "="]):
+            # Extract mathematical expression
+            math_pattern = r'[\d+\-*/().\s]+'
+            match = re.search(math_pattern, user_input)
+            if match:
+                expression = match.group().strip()
+                return self.calculate_math(expression)
+
+        # Joke request
+        if any(word in user_input for word in ["joke", "funny", "laugh"]):
+            return random.choice(self.responses["jokes"])
+
+        # Story request
+        if any(word in user_input for word in ["story", "tell me", "narrative"]):
+            return self.tell_story()
+
+        # Programming help
+        if any(word in user_input for word in ["programming", "code", "coding", "developer", "programmer"]):
+            return random.choice(self.responses["programming_tips"])
+
+        # Time and date
+        if any(word in user_input for word in ["time", "date", "what time", "what date"]):
+            now = datetime.datetime.now()
+            return f"Current time: {now.strftime('%H:%M:%S')}, Date: {now.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')}"
+
+        # Default responses
+        default_responses = [
+            "That's interesting! Can you tell me more about that?",
+            "I'm not sure I understand. Could you rephrase that?",
+            "That's a great question! Let me think about it...",
+            "I'm learning new things every day. What else would you like to know?",
+            "Fascinating! I'd love to hear more about your thoughts on this."
+        ]
+
+        return random.choice(default_responses)
+
+    def chat(self):
+        """Main chat loop"""
+        print(f"🤖 {self.name} is online!")
+        print("=" * 50)
+        print("Type 'quit' or 'exit' to end the conversation")
+        print("Try asking about weather, math, jokes, stories, or programming!")
+        print("=" * 50)
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                user_input = input("\nYou: ").strip()
+
+                if user_input.lower() in ['quit', 'exit', 'bye']:
+                    print(f"\n{self.name}: {random.choice(self.responses['farewell'])}")
+                    break
+
+                if not user_input:
+                    continue
+
+                response = self.process_message(user_input)
+                print(f"\n{self.name}: {response}")
+
+                # Store bot response
+                self.conversation_history.append(f"Bot: {response}")
+
+            except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                print(f"\n\n{self.name}: Goodbye! Thanks for chatting!")
+                break
+            except Exception as e:
+                print(f"\n{self.name}: Oops! Something went wrong: {e}")
+
+    def save_conversation(self, filename="conversation_history.json"):
+        """Save conversation history to file"""
+        try:
+            with open(filename, 'w') as f:
+                json.dump(self.conversation_history, f, indent=2)
+            print(f"Conversation saved to {filename}")
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"Could not save conversation: {e}")
+
+def main():
+    """Main function to run the chatbot"""
+    print("🚀 Starting AI Chatbot...")
+
+    # Create and run chatbot
+    bot = AIChatbot()
+    bot.chat()
+
+    # Ask if user wants to save conversation
+    try:
+        save = input("\nWould you like to save this conversation? (y/n): ").lower()
+        if save == 'y':
+            bot.save_conversation()
+    except:
+        pass
+
+    print("\n👋 Thanks for using AI Chatbot!")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

C++ Code/heapSort.cpp

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+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+// Maintains the max-heap property for subtree rooted at index i
+void heapify(int arr[], int n, int i)
+{
+    int largest = i;       // Assume current node is largest
+    int left = 2 * i + 1;  // Left child index
+    int right = 2 * i + 2; // Right child index
+
+    // If left child is larger than root
+    if (left < n && arr[left] > arr[largest])
+        largest = left;
+
+    // If right child is larger than current largest
+    if (right < n && arr[right] > arr[largest])
+        largest = right;
+
+    // If largest is not root, swap and continue heapifying
+    if (largest != i)
+    {
+        swap(arr[i], arr[largest]);
+        heapify(arr, n, largest);
+    }
+}
+
+// Main function to perform Heap Sort
+void heapSort(int arr[], int n)
+{
+    // Build max-heap
+    for (int i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+        heapify(arr, n, i);
+
+    // Extract elements from heap one by one
+    for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+    {
+        // Move current root (max element) to end
+        swap(arr[0], arr[i]);
+        // Call heapify on reduced heap
+        heapify(arr, i, 0);
+    }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    int arr[] = {12, 11, 13, 5, 6, 7};
+    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
+
+    heapSort(arr, n);
+
+    // Print sorted array
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
+        cout << arr[i] << " ";
+}