FEATURE: Adds layerinfo cache configuration

[iseyer]

Addresses #1807

Have confirmed this using a testing harbor deployment:

inmemory:

registry time="2024-08-06T17:00:27.927677932Z" level=info msg="using inmemory blob descriptor cache" go.v
ersion=go1.22.5 instance.id=49ab6250-7ee6-4f61-9b9d-282f7a6eba88 service=registry version=v3.0.0-beta.1.m
+unknown

none/disabled/etc:

registry time="2024-08-06T17:03:39.210784328Z" level=warning msg="unknown cache type map[\"layerinfo\":\"
none\"], caching disabled" go.version=go1.22.5 instance.id=2f0e48d5-a489-4f10-ae97-7c0b5a7307ca service=r
egistry version=v3.0.0-beta.1.m+unknown

These are based on: https://github.com/distribution/distribution/blob/2801004c943f90f6e716f6c66564c73fb90f6d20/registry/handlers/app.go#L277

[MinerYang]

Close per discussion on the issue #1807