net/http: add support for unencrypted HTTP/2

Add an UnencryptedHTTP2 protocol value.

Both Server and Transport implement "HTTP/2 with prior knowledge"
as described in RFC 9113, section 3.3. Neither supports the
deprecated HTTP/2 upgrade mechanism (RFC 7540, section 3.2 "h2c").

For Server, UnencryptedHTTP2 controls whether the server
will accept HTTP/2 connections on unencrypted ports.
When enabled, the server checks new connections for
the HTTP/2 preface and routes them appropriately.

For Transport, enabling UnencryptedHTTP2 and disabling HTTP1
causes http:// requests to be made over unencrypted HTTP/2
connections.

For #67816

Change-Id: I2763c4cdec1c2bc6bb8157edb93b94377de8a59b
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/622976
LUCI-TryBot-Result: Go LUCI <golang-scoped@luci-project-accounts.iam.gserviceaccount.com>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>

api/next/67816.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+pkg net/http, method (*Protocols) SetUnencryptedHTTP2(bool) #67816
+pkg net/http, method (Protocols) UnencryptedHTTP2() bool #67816

doc/next/6-stdlib/99-minor/net/http/67816.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+The server and client may be configured to support unencrypted HTTP/2
+connections.
+
+When [Server.Protocols] contains UnencryptedHTTP2, the server will accept
+HTTP/2 connections on unencrypted ports. The server can accept both
+HTTP/1 and unencrypted HTTP/2 on the same port.
+
+When [Transport.Protocols] contains UnencryptedHTTP2 and does not contain
+HTTP1, the transport will use unencrypted HTTP/2 for http:// URLs.
+If the transport is configured to use both HTTP/1 and unencrypted HTTP/2,
+it will use HTTP/1.
+
+Unencrypted HTTP/2 support uses "HTTP/2 with Prior Knowledge"
+(RFC 9113, section 3.3). The deprecated "Upgrade: h2c" header
+is not supported.

src/net/http/http.go

@@ -24,13 +24,16 @@ import (
 //     HTTP1 is supported on both unsecured TCP and secured TLS connections.
 //
 //   - HTTP2 is the HTTP/2 protcol over a TLS connection.
+//
+//   - UnencryptedHTTP2 is the HTTP/2 protocol over an unsecured TCP connection.
 type Protocols struct {
 	bits uint8
 }
 
 const (
 	protoHTTP1 = 1 << iota
 	protoHTTP2
+	protoUnencryptedHTTP2
 )
 
 // HTTP1 reports whether p includes HTTP/1.
@@ -45,6 +48,12 @@ func (p Protocols) HTTP2() bool { return p.bits&protoHTTP2 != 0 }
 // SetHTTP2 adds or removes HTTP/2 from p.
 func (p *Protocols) SetHTTP2(ok bool) { p.setBit(protoHTTP2, ok) }
 
+// UnencryptedHTTP2 reports whether p includes unencrypted HTTP/2.
+func (p Protocols) UnencryptedHTTP2() bool { return p.bits&protoUnencryptedHTTP2 != 0 }
+
+// SetUnencryptedHTTP2 adds or removes unencrypted HTTP/2 from p.
+func (p *Protocols) SetUnencryptedHTTP2(ok bool) { p.setBit(protoUnencryptedHTTP2, ok) }
+
 func (p *Protocols) setBit(bit uint8, ok bool) {
 	if ok {
 		p.bits |= bit
@@ -61,6 +70,9 @@ func (p Protocols) String() string {
 	if p.HTTP2() {
 		s = append(s, "HTTP2")
 	}
+	if p.UnencryptedHTTP2() {
+		s = append(s, "UnencryptedHTTP2")
+	}
 	return "{" + strings.Join(s, ",") + "}"
 }
 

src/net/http/server.go

@@ -2013,6 +2013,16 @@ func (c *conn) serve(ctx context.Context) {
 	c.bufr = newBufioReader(c.r)
 	c.bufw = newBufioWriterSize(checkConnErrorWriter{c}, 4<<10)
 
+	protos := c.server.protocols()
+	if c.tlsState == nil && protos.UnencryptedHTTP2() {
+		if c.maybeServeUnencryptedHTTP2(ctx) {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	if !protos.HTTP1() {
+		return
+	}
+
 	for {
 		w, err := c.readRequest(ctx)
 		if c.r.remain != c.server.initialReadLimitSize() {
@@ -2132,6 +2142,70 @@ func (c *conn) serve(ctx context.Context) {
 	}
 }
 
+// unencryptedHTTP2Request is an HTTP handler that initializes
+// certain uninitialized fields in its *Request.
+//
+// It's the unencrypted version of initALPNRequest.
+type unencryptedHTTP2Request struct {
+	ctx context.Context
+	c   net.Conn
+	h   serverHandler
+}
+
+func (h unencryptedHTTP2Request) BaseContext() context.Context { return h.ctx }
+
+func (h unencryptedHTTP2Request) ServeHTTP(rw ResponseWriter, req *Request) {
+	if req.Body == nil {
+		req.Body = NoBody
+	}
+	if req.RemoteAddr == "" {
+		req.RemoteAddr = h.c.RemoteAddr().String()
+	}
+	h.h.ServeHTTP(rw, req)
+}
+
+// unencryptedNetConnInTLSConn is used to pass an unencrypted net.Conn to
+// functions that only accept a *tls.Conn.
+type unencryptedNetConnInTLSConn struct {
+	net.Conn // panic on all net.Conn methods
+	conn     net.Conn
+}
+
+func (c unencryptedNetConnInTLSConn) UnencryptedNetConn() net.Conn {
+	return c.conn
+}
+
+func unencryptedTLSConn(c net.Conn) *tls.Conn {
+	return tls.Client(unencryptedNetConnInTLSConn{conn: c}, nil)
+}
+
+// TLSNextProto key to use for unencrypted HTTP/2 connections.
+// Not actually a TLS-negotiated protocol.
+const nextProtoUnencryptedHTTP2 = "unencrypted_http2"
+
+func (c *conn) maybeServeUnencryptedHTTP2(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	fn, ok := c.server.TLSNextProto[nextProtoUnencryptedHTTP2]
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	hasPreface := func(c *conn, preface []byte) bool {
+		c.r.setReadLimit(int64(len(preface)) - int64(c.bufr.Buffered()))
+		got, err := c.bufr.Peek(len(preface))
+		c.r.setInfiniteReadLimit()
+		return err == nil && bytes.Equal(got, preface)
+	}
+	if !hasPreface(c, []byte("PRI * HTTP/2.0")) {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !hasPreface(c, []byte("PRI * HTTP/2.0\r\n\r\nSM\r\n\r\n")) {
+		return false
+	}
+	c.setState(c.rwc, StateActive, skipHooks)
+	h := unencryptedHTTP2Request{ctx, c.rwc, serverHandler{c.server}}
+	fn(c.server, unencryptedTLSConn(c.rwc), h)
+	return true
+}
+
 func (w *response) sendExpectationFailed() {
 	// TODO(bradfitz): let ServeHTTP handlers handle
 	// requests with non-standard expectation[s]? Seems
@@ -2981,6 +3055,10 @@ type Server struct {
 
 	// Protocols is the set of protocols accepted by the server.
 	//
+	// If Protocols includes UnencryptedHTTP2, the server will accept
+	// unencrypted HTTP/2 connections. The server can serve both
+	// HTTP/1 and unencrypted HTTP/2 on the same address and port.
+	//
 	// If Protocols is nil, the default is usually HTTP/1 and HTTP/2.
 	// If TLSNextProto is non-nil and does not contain an "h2" entry,
 	// the default is HTTP/1 only.
@@ -3286,6 +3364,9 @@ func (s *Server) shouldConfigureHTTP2ForServe() bool {
 		// in case the listener returns an "h2" *tls.Conn.
 		return true
 	}
+	if s.protocols().UnencryptedHTTP2() {
+		return true
+	}
 	// The user specified a TLSConfig on their http.Server.
 	// In this, case, only configure HTTP/2 if their tls.Config
 	// explicitly mentions "h2". Otherwise http2.ConfigureServer
@@ -3658,7 +3739,8 @@ func (s *Server) onceSetNextProtoDefaults() {
 	if omitBundledHTTP2 {
 		return
 	}
-	if !s.protocols().HTTP2() {
+	p := s.protocols()
+	if !p.HTTP2() && !p.UnencryptedHTTP2() {
 		return
 	}
 	if http2server.Value() == "0" {

src/net/http/transport.go

@@ -302,6 +302,9 @@ type Transport struct {
 
 	// Protocols is the set of protocols supported by the transport.
 	//
+	// If Protocols includes UnencryptedHTTP2 and does not include HTTP1,
+	// the transport will use unencrypted HTTP/2 for requests for http:// URLs.
+	//
 	// If Protocols is nil, the default is usually HTTP/1 only.
 	// If ForceAttemptHTTP2 is true, or if TLSNextProto contains an "h2" entry,
 	// the default is HTTP/1 and HTTP/2.
@@ -410,7 +413,7 @@ func (t *Transport) onceSetNextProtoDefaults() {
 	}
 
 	protocols := t.protocols()
-	if !protocols.HTTP2() {
+	if !protocols.HTTP2() && !protocols.UnencryptedHTTP2() {
 		return
 	}
 	if omitBundledHTTP2 {
@@ -1902,6 +1905,24 @@ func (t *Transport) dialConn(ctx context.Context, cm connectMethod) (pconn *pers
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Possible unencrypted HTTP/2 with prior knowledge.
+	unencryptedHTTP2 := pconn.tlsState == nil &&
+		t.Protocols != nil &&
+		t.Protocols.UnencryptedHTTP2() &&
+		!t.Protocols.HTTP1()
+	if unencryptedHTTP2 {
+		next, ok := t.TLSNextProto[nextProtoUnencryptedHTTP2]
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, errors.New("http: Transport does not support unencrypted HTTP/2")
+		}
+		alt := next(cm.targetAddr, unencryptedTLSConn(pconn.conn))
+		if e, ok := alt.(erringRoundTripper); ok {
+			// pconn.conn was closed by next (http2configureTransports.upgradeFn).
+			return nil, e.RoundTripErr()
+		}
+		return &persistConn{t: t, cacheKey: pconn.cacheKey, alt: alt}, nil
+	}
+
 	if s := pconn.tlsState; s != nil && s.NegotiatedProtocolIsMutual && s.NegotiatedProtocol != "" {
 		if next, ok := t.TLSNextProto[s.NegotiatedProtocol]; ok {
 			alt := next(cm.targetAddr, pconn.conn.(*tls.Conn))

src/net/http/transport_test.go

@@ -7312,6 +7312,67 @@ func TestTransportServerProtocols(t *testing.T) {
 			tr.Protocols.SetHTTP2(true)
 		},
 		want: "HTTP/1.1",
+	}, {
+		name:   "unencrypted HTTP2 with prior knowledge",
+		scheme: "http",
+		transport: func(tr *Transport) {
+			tr.Protocols = &Protocols{}
+			tr.Protocols.SetUnencryptedHTTP2(true)
+		},
+		server: func(srv *Server) {
+			srv.Protocols = &Protocols{}
+			srv.Protocols.SetHTTP1(true)
+			srv.Protocols.SetUnencryptedHTTP2(true)
+		},
+		want: "HTTP/2.0",
+	}, {
+		name:   "unencrypted HTTP2 only on server",
+		scheme: "http",
+		transport: func(tr *Transport) {
+			tr.Protocols = &Protocols{}
+			tr.Protocols.SetUnencryptedHTTP2(true)
+		},
+		server: func(srv *Server) {
+			srv.Protocols = &Protocols{}
+			srv.Protocols.SetUnencryptedHTTP2(true)
+		},
+		want: "HTTP/2.0",
+	}, {
+		name:   "unencrypted HTTP2 with no server support",
+		scheme: "http",
+		transport: func(tr *Transport) {
+			tr.Protocols = &Protocols{}
+			tr.Protocols.SetUnencryptedHTTP2(true)
+		},
+		server: func(srv *Server) {
+			srv.Protocols = &Protocols{}
+			srv.Protocols.SetHTTP1(true)
+		},
+		want: "error",
+	}, {
+		name:   "HTTP1 with no server support",
+		scheme: "http",
+		transport: func(tr *Transport) {
+			tr.Protocols = &Protocols{}
+			tr.Protocols.SetHTTP1(true)
+		},
+		server: func(srv *Server) {
+			srv.Protocols = &Protocols{}
+			srv.Protocols.SetUnencryptedHTTP2(true)
+		},
+		want: "error",
+	}, {
+		name:   "HTTPS1 with no server support",
+		scheme: "https",
+		transport: func(tr *Transport) {
+			tr.Protocols = &Protocols{}
+			tr.Protocols.SetHTTP1(true)
+		},
+		server: func(srv *Server) {
+			srv.Protocols = &Protocols{}
+			srv.Protocols.SetHTTP2(true)
+		},
+		want: "error",
 	}} {
 		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			// We don't use httptest here because it makes its own decisions
@@ -7362,6 +7423,9 @@ func TestTransportServerProtocols(t *testing.T) {
 			client := &Client{Transport: tr}
 			resp, err := client.Get(test.scheme + "://" + listener.Addr().String())
 			if err != nil {
+				if test.want == "error" {
+					return
+				}
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
 			if got := resp.Header.Get("X-Proto"); got != test.want {