Updated the Debian build.

[zond]

• Enabled JPEGLI
• Disabled SKCMS
• Enabled LCMS2
• Disabled SJPEG
• Replaced third_party libjpeg-turbo headers with Debian-installed ones

Description

Pull Request Checklist

• [x ] CLA Signed: Have you signed the Contributor License Agreement (individual or corporate, as appropriate)? Only contributions from signed contributors can be accepted.
• [ x] Authors: Have you considered adding your name to the AUTHORS file?
• [ x] Code Style: Have you ensured your code adheres to the project's coding style guidelines? You can use ./ci.sh lint for automatic code formatting.

Please review the full contributing guidelines for more details.

[zond]

Note that this still has a lot of question marks:

• dpkg-buildpackage -b -uc -us still ends up with ~all the tests failing on my workstation.
• The CI Debian tests at https://github.com/google/jpegli/actions/runs/10903567644 fail a lot.