chore: switch promtails base image from debian to ubuntu (backport release-2.9.x) #9823

Job	Run time
check / checkFiles	3m 24s
check / collectPackages	9s
check / faillint	2m 49s
check / golangciLint	6m 17s
check / integration	4m 9s
check / lintFiles	1m 20s
check / testPushPackage	52s
check / testLambdaPromtail	1m 27s
check / testPackages (clients/cmd)	2m 15s
check / testPackages (clients/pkg)	2m 58s
check / testPackages (cmd/migrate)	1m 45s
check / testPackages (cmd/querytee)	1m 16s
check / testPackages (pkg/analytics)	1m 39s
check / testPackages (pkg/canary)	1m 15s
check / testPackages (pkg/chunkenc)	2m 14s
check / testPackages (pkg/configs)	1m 3s
check / testPackages (pkg/distributor)	1m 40s
check / testPackages (pkg/ingester)	2m 3s
check / testPackages (pkg/iter)	1m 2s
check / testPackages (pkg/logcli)	1m 49s
check / testPackages (pkg/loghttp)	1m 14s
check / testPackages (pkg/logproto)	1m 1s
check / testPackages (pkg/logql)	1m 26s
check / testPackages (pkg/logqlanalyzer)	1m 6s
check / testPackages (pkg/logqlmodel)	1m 0s
check / testPackages (pkg/loki)	1m 44s
check / testPackages (pkg/lokifrontend)	1m 4s
check / testPackages (pkg/querier)	1m 47s
check / testPackages (pkg/ruler)	1m 57s
check / testPackages (pkg/scheduler)	1m 8s
check / testPackages (pkg/sizing)	43s
check / testPackages (pkg/storage)	2m 47s
check / testPackages (pkg/util)	1m 53s
check / testPackages (pkg/validation)	1m 6s
check / testPackages (tools/doc-generator)	1m 45s
check / testPackages (tools/querytee)	55s
check / testPackages (tools/tsdb)	1m 46s
check / check	10s
check / failCheck	0s
	1h 5m 58s

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