chore: Linting updates in prep for Go 1.23

[paul1r]

What this PR does / why we need it:
This PR is in preparation for a move to Go 1.23. It does some linting cleanup of the Loki codebase, getting the large majority of the issues. Items that were deemed more aggressive (e.g. issues with reflect.SliceHeader and reflect.StringHeader were left out of this batch of changes).
Golang 1.23 prefers golangci-lint 1.60.3+, which is more aggressive in identifying linting errors.

The majority of these fixes are in relation to:


• Unused parameters (changed to _)
• printf: non-constant format string (changed to include a "%s")
• var-naming, for private functions/variables that were fooIdsBar, they are now fooIDsBar
  Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
  Fixes #

Special notes for your reviewer:

Checklist

• Reviewed the CONTRIBUTING.md guide (required)
• Documentation added
• Tests updated
• Title matches the required conventional commits format, see here
  • Note that Promtail is considered to be feature complete, and future development for logs collection will be in Grafana Alloy. As such, feat PRs are unlikely to be accepted unless a case can be made for the feature actually being a bug fix to existing behavior.
• Changes that require user attention or interaction to upgrade are documented in docs/sources/setup/upgrade/_index.md
• For Helm chart changes bump the Helm chart version in production/helm/loki/Chart.yaml and update production/helm/loki/CHANGELOG.md and production/helm/loki/README.md. Example PR
• If the change is deprecating or removing a configuration option, update the deprecated-config.yaml and deleted-config.yaml files respectively in the tools/deprecated-config-checker directory. Example PR