refactor(blooms): Extract planner queue into pkg (backport k227)

[loki-gh-app]

Backport 94a8572 from #14861

---

What this PR does / why we need it:

We are going to wrap the queue to store tasks in the filesystem. We start by extracting the queue into a new pkg. Note that we the current logic is the same as before. We'll implement the disk storage in a followup PR.

Checklist

• Reviewed the CONTRIBUTING.md guide (required)
• Documentation added
• Tests updated
• Title matches the required conventional commits format, see here
  • Note that Promtail is considered to be feature complete, and future development for logs collection will be in Grafana Alloy. As such, feat PRs are unlikely to be accepted unless a case can be made for the feature actually being a bug fix to existing behavior.
• Changes that require user attention or interaction to upgrade are documented in docs/sources/setup/upgrade/_index.md
• If the change is deprecating or removing a configuration option, update the deprecated-config.yaml and deleted-config.yaml files respectively in the tools/deprecated-config-checker directory. Example PR