Skip to content
New issue

Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

Already on GitHub? Sign in to your account

[LeetCode] 1138. Alphabet Board Path #1138

Open
grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 0 comments
Open

[LeetCode] 1138. Alphabet Board Path #1138

grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 0 comments

Comments

@grandyang
Copy link
Owner

grandyang commented May 30, 2019

On an alphabet board, we start at position (0, 0), corresponding to character board[0][0].

Here, board = ["abcde", "fghij", "klmno", "pqrst", "uvwxy", "z"], as shown in the diagram below.

We may make the following moves:

  • 'U' moves our position up one row, if the position exists on the board;
  • 'D' moves our position down one row, if the position exists on the board;
  • 'L' moves our position left one column, if the position exists on the board;
  • 'R' moves our position right one column, if the position exists on the board;
  • '!' adds the character board[r][c] at our current position (r, c) to the answer.

(Here, the only positions that exist on the board are positions with letters on them.)

Return a sequence of moves that makes our answer equal to target in the minimum number of moves.  You may return any path that does so.

Example 1:

Input: target = "leet"
Output: "DDR!UURRR!!DDD!"

Example 2:

Input: target = "code"
Output: "RR!DDRR!UUL!R!"

Constraints:

  • 1 <= target.length <= 100
  • target consists only of English lowercase letters.

这道题给了一个字母表盘,就是 26 个小写字母按每行五个排列,形成一个二维数组,共有六行,但第六行只有一个字母z。然后给了一个字符串 target,起始位置是在a,现在让分别按顺序走到 target 上的所有字符,问经过的最短路径是什么。这不禁让博主想到了智能电视系统 Ruko 连接 wiki 时输密码的操作,因为只能用遥控器,也是一个字母表盘,然后按方向键移动到想要输入的字母上,然后点击 OK,进行确认,再移动到下一个目标字符,跟这里完全是一样的操作。由于表盘上的字母位置是固定的,所以不需要进行遍历来找特定的字母,而是可以根据字母直接确定其在表盘的上的坐标,这样当前字母和目标字母的坐标都确定了,就可以直接找路径了,其实就是个曼哈顿距离。由于路径有很多条,只要保证距离最短都对,那么就可以先走横坐标,或先走纵坐标。其实这里选方向挺重要,因为有个很 tricky 的情况,就是字母z,因为最后一行只有一个字母z,其不能往右走,只能往上走,所以这里定一个规则,就是先往上走,再向右走。同理,从别的字母到z的话,也应该先往左走到头,再往下走。顺序确定好了,就可以想怎么正确的生成路径,往上的走的话,说明目标点在上方,则说明当前的x坐标大,则用 curX - x,由于不一定需要向上走,所以这个差值有可能是负数,则需要跟0比较大小,取较大的那个。其他情况,都是同理的,往右走用目标y坐标减去当前y坐标;往左走,用当前y坐标减去目标y坐标;往下走,用目标x坐标减去当前x坐标,最后再加上感叹号。结束一轮后,别忘了更新 curX 和 curY,参见代码如下:

class Solution {
public:
    string alphabetBoardPath(string target) {
        string res;
        int curX = 0, curY = 0;
        for (char c : target) {
            int x = (c - 'a') / 5, y = (c - 'a') % 5;
            res += string(max(0, curX - x), 'U') + string(max(0, y - curY), 'R') + string(max(0, curY - y), 'L') + string(max(0, x - curX), 'D') + '!';
            curX = x;
            curY = y;
        }
        return res;
    }
};

Github 同步地址:

#1138

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/alphabet-board-path/

https://leetcode.com/problems/alphabet-board-path/discuss/345278/C%2B%2BJava-O(n)

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

@grandyang grandyang changed the title [LeetCode] 1138. Missing Problem [LeetCode] 1138. Alphabet Board Path Jul 3, 2021
Sign up for free to join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment
Labels
None yet
Projects
None yet
Development

No branches or pull requests

1 participant