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Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time.
insert(val): Inserts an item val to the set if not already present.
remove(val): Removes an item val from the set if present.
getRandom: Returns a random element from current set of elements. Each element must have the same probability of being returned.
Example:
// Init an empty set.
RandomizedSet randomSet = new RandomizedSet();
// Inserts 1 to the set. Returns true as 1 was inserted successfully.
randomSet.insert(1);
// Returns false as 2 does not exist in the set.
randomSet.remove(2);
// Inserts 2 to the set, returns true. Set now contains [1,2].
randomSet.insert(2);
// getRandom should return either 1 or 2 randomly.
randomSet.getRandom();
// Removes 1 from the set, returns true. Set now contains [2].
randomSet.remove(1);
// 2 was already in the set, so return false.
randomSet.insert(2);
// Since 1 is the only number in the set, getRandom always return 1.
randomSet.getRandom();
Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time.
insert(val)
: Inserts an item val to the set if not already present.remove(val)
: Removes an item val from the set if present.getRandom
: Returns a random element from current set of elements. Each element must have the same probability of being returned.Example:
这道题让我们在常数时间范围内实现插入删除和获得随机数操作,如果这道题没有常数时间的限制,那么将会是一道非常简单的题,直接用一个 HashSet 就可以搞定所有的操作。但是由于时间的限制,无法在常数时间内实现获取随机数,所以只能另辟蹊径。此题的正确解法是利用到了一个一维数组和一个 HashMap,其中数组用来保存数字,HashMap 用来建立每个数字和其在数组中的位置之间的映射,对于插入操作,先看这个数字是否已经在 HashMap 中存在,如果存在的话直接返回 false,不存在的话,将其插入到数组的末尾,然后建立数字和其位置的映射。删除操作是比较 tricky 的,还是要先判断其是否在 HashMap 里,如果没有,直接返回 false。由于 HashMap 的删除是常数时间的,而数组并不是,为了使数组删除也能常数级,实际上将要删除的数字和数组的最后一个数字调换个位置,然后修改对应的 HashMap 中的值,这样只需要删除数组的最后一个元素即可,保证了常数时间内的删除。而返回随机数对于数组来说就很简单了,只要随机生成一个位置,返回该位置上的数字即可,参见代码如下:
Github 同步地址:
#380
类似题目:
Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) - Duplicates allowed
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/insert-delete-getrandom-o1/
https://leetcode.com/problems/insert-delete-getrandom-o1/discuss/85422/AC-C%2B%2B-Solution.-Unordered_map-%2B-Vector
https://leetcode.com/problems/insert-delete-getrandom-o1/discuss/85401/Java-solution-using-a-HashMap-and-an-ArrayList-along-with-a-follow-up.-(131-ms)
LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)
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