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The gray code is a binary numeral system where two successive values differ in only one bit.
Given a non-negative integer n representing the total number of bits in the code, print the sequence of gray code. A gray code sequence must begin with 0.
For example, given n = 2, return [0,1,3,2]. Its gray code sequence is:
00 - 0
01 - 1
11 - 3
10 - 2
Note:
For a given n , a gray code sequence is not uniquely defined.
For example, [0,2,3,1] is also a valid gray code sequence according to the above definition.
For now, the judge is able to judge based on one instance of gray code sequence. Sorry about that.
The gray code is a binary numeral system where two successive values differ in only one bit.
Given a non-negative integer n representing the total number of bits in the code, print the sequence of gray code. A gray code sequence must begin with 0.
For example, given n = 2, return
[0,1,3,2]
. Its gray code sequence is:Note:
For a given n , a gray code sequence is not uniquely defined.
For example,
[0,2,3,1]
is also a valid gray code sequence according to the above definition.For now, the judge is able to judge based on one instance of gray code sequence. Sorry about that.
这道题是关于格雷码的,猛地一看感觉完全没接触过格雷码,但是看了维基百科后,隐约的感觉原来好像哪门可提到过,哎全还给老师了。这道题如果不了解格雷码,还真不太好做,幸亏脑补了维基百科,上面说格雷码是一种循环二进制单位距离码,主要特点是两个相邻数的代码只有一位二进制数不同的编码,格雷码的处理主要是位操作 Bit Operation,LeetCode中关于位操作的题也挺常见,比如 Repeated DNA Sequences 求重复的DNA序列, Single Number 单独的数字, 和 Single Number II 单独的数字之二 等等。三位的格雷码和二进制数如下:
其实这道题还有多种解法。首先来看一种最简单的,是用到格雷码和二进制数之间的相互转化,可参见我之前的博客 Convertion of grey code and binary 格雷码和二进制数之间的转换 ,明白了转换方法后,这道题完全没有难度,代码如下:
解法一:
然后我们来看看其他的解法,参考维基百科上关于格雷码的性质,有一条是说镜面排列的,n位元的格雷码可以从n-1位元的格雷码以上下镜射后加上新位元的方式快速的得到,如下图所示一般。
有了这条性质,我们很容易的写出代码如下:
解法二:
维基百科上还有一条格雷码的性质是直接排列,以二进制为0值的格雷码为第零项,第一项改变最右边的位元,第二项改变右起第一个为1的位元的左边位元,第三、四项方法同第一、二项,如此反复,即可排列出n个位元的格雷码。根据这条性质也可以写出代码,不过相比前面的略微复杂,代码如下:
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 1
0 1 0
1 1 0
1 1 1
1 0 1
1 0 0
解法三:
上面三种解法都需要事先了解格雷码及其性质,假如我们之前并没有接触过格雷码,那么我们其实也可以用比较笨的方法来找出结果,比如下面这种方法用到了一个set来保存已经产生的结果,我们从0开始,遍历其二进制每一位,对其取反,然后看其是否在set中出现过,如果没有,我们将其加入set和结果res中,然后再对这个数的每一位进行遍历,以此类推就可以找出所有的格雷码了,参见代码如下:
解法四:
既然递归方法可以实现,那么就有对应的迭代的写法,当然需要用stack来辅助,参见代码如下:
解法五:
参考资料:
https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/8557/an-accepted-three-line-solution-in-java
LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)
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