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[LeetCode] 901. Online Stock Span #901

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grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 0 comments
Open

[LeetCode] 901. Online Stock Span #901

grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 0 comments

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@grandyang
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grandyang commented May 30, 2019

Write a class StockSpanner which collects daily price quotes for some stock, and returns the  span  of that stock's price for the current day.

The span of the stock's price today is defined as the maximum number of consecutive days (starting from today and going backwards) for which the price of the stock was less than or equal to today's price.

For example, if the price of a stock over the next 7 days were [100, 80, 60, 70, 60, 75, 85], then the stock spans would be [1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 6].

Example 1:

Input: ["StockSpanner","next","next","next","next","next","next","next"], [[],[100],[80],[60],[70],[60],[75],[85]]
Output: [null,1,1,1,2,1,4,6]
Explanation:
First, S = StockSpanner() is initialized.  Then:
S.next(100) is called and returns 1,
S.next(80) is called and returns 1,
S.next(60) is called and returns 1,
S.next(70) is called and returns 2,
S.next(60) is called and returns 1,
S.next(75) is called and returns 4,
S.next(85) is called and returns 6.

Note that (for example) S.next(75) returned 4, because the last 4 prices
(including today's price of 75) were less than or equal to today's price.

Note:

  1. Calls to StockSpanner.next(int price)will have 1 <= price <= 10^5.
  2. There will be at most 10000 calls to StockSpanner.next per test case.
  3. There will be at most 150000 calls to StockSpanner.next across all test cases.
  4. The total time limit for this problem has been reduced by 75% for C++, and 50% for all other languages.

这道题定义了一个 StockSpanner 的类,有一个 next 函数,每次给当天的股价,让我们返回之前连续多少天都是小于等于当前股价。跟 OJ 抗争多年的经验告诉我们,不要想着可以用最暴力的向前搜索的方法,这种解法太 trivial 了,肯定无法通过的。那么可以找连续递增的子数组的长度么,其实也是不行的,就拿题目中的例子来说吧 [100, 80, 60, 70, 60, 75, 85],数字 75 前面有三天是比它小的,但是这三天不是有序的,是先增后减的,那怎么办呢?我们先从简单的情况分析,假如当前的股价要小于前一天的,那么连续性直接被打破了,所以此时直接返回1就行了。但是假如大于等于前一天股价的话,情况就比较 tricky 了,因为此时所有小于等于前一天股价的天数肯定也是小于等于当前的,那么我们就需要知道是哪一天的股价刚好大于前一天的股价,然后用这一天的股价跟当前的股价进行比较,若大于当前股价,说明当前的连续天数就是前一天的连续天数加1,而若小于当前股价,我们又要重复这个过程,去比较刚好大于之前那个的股价。所以我们需要知道对于每一天,往前推刚好大于当前股价的是哪一天,用一个数组 pre,其中 pre[i] 表示从第i天往前推刚好大于第i天的股价的是第 pre[i] 天。接下来看如何实现 next 函数,首先将当前股价加入 nums 数组,然后前一天在数组中的位置就是 (int)nums.size()-2。再来想想 corner case 的情况,假如当前是数组中的第0天,前面没有任何股价了,我们的 pre[0] 就赋值为 -1 就行了,怎么知道当前是否是第0天,就看 pre 数组是否为空。再有就是由于i要不断去 pre 数组中找到之前的天数,所以最终i是有可能到达 pre[0] 的,那么就要判断当i为 -1 时,也要停止循环。循环的最后一个条件就是当之前的股价小于等当前的估计 price 时,才进行循环,这个前面讲过了,循环内部就是将 pre[i] 赋值给i,这样就完成了跳到之前天的操作。while 循环结束后要将i加入到 pre 数组,因为这个i就是从当前天往前推,一个大于当前股价的那一天,有了这个i,就可以计算出连续天数了,参见代码如下:
解法一:

class StockSpanner {
public:
    StockSpanner() {}
    
    int next(int price) {
    	nums.push_back(price);
		int i = (int)nums.size() - 2;
		while (!pre.empty() && i >= 0 && nums[i] <= price) {
			i = pre[i];
		}
		pre.push_back(i);
		return (int)pre.size() - 1 - i;
    }

private:
	vector<int> nums, pre;
};

我们还可以使用栈来做,里面放一个 pair 对儿,分别是当前的股价和之前比其小的连续天数。在 next 函数中,使用一个 cnt 变量,初始化为1。还是要个 while 循环,其实核心的本质都是一样的,循环的条件首先是栈不能为空,并且栈顶元素的股价小于等于当前股价,那么 cnt 就加上栈顶元素的连续天数,可以感受到跟上面解法在这里的些许不同之处了吧,之前是一直找到第一个大于当前股价的天数在数组中的位置,然后相减得到连续天数,这里是在找的过程中直接累加连续天数,最终都可以得到正确的结果,参见代码如下:
解法二:

class StockSpanner {
public:
    StockSpanner() {}
    
    int next(int price) {       
        int cnt = 1;
    	while (!st.empty() && st.top().first <= price) {
            cnt += st.top().second; st.pop();
        }
        st.push({price, cnt});
        return cnt;
    }

private:
	stack<pair<int, int>> st;
};

Github 同步地址:

#901

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/online-stock-span/

https://leetcode.com/problems/online-stock-span/discuss/168311/C%2B%2BJavaPython-O(1)

https://leetcode.com/problems/online-stock-span/discuss/168288/Java-short-solution-using-list-with-explanation

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

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