Skip to content
New issue

Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

Already on GitHub? Sign in to your account

[LeetCode] 911. Online Election #911

Open
grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 0 comments
Open

[LeetCode] 911. Online Election #911

grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 0 comments

Comments

@grandyang
Copy link
Owner

grandyang commented May 30, 2019

In an election, the i-th vote was cast for persons[i] at time times[i].

Now, we would like to implement the following query function: TopVotedCandidate.q(int t) will return the number of the person that was leading the election at time t.

Votes cast at time t will count towards our query.  In the case of a tie, the most recent vote (among tied candidates) wins.

Example 1:

Input: ["TopVotedCandidate","q","q","q","q","q","q"], [[[0,1,1,0,0,1,0],[0,5,10,15,20,25,30]],[3],[12],[25],[15],[24],[8]]
Output: [null,0,1,1,0,0,1]
Explanation:
At time 3, the votes are [0], and 0 is leading.
At time 12, the votes are [0,1,1], and 1 is leading.
At time 25, the votes are [0,1,1,0,0,1], and 1 is leading (as ties go to the most recent vote.)
This continues for 3 more queries at time 15, 24, and 8.

Note:

  1. 1 <= persons.length = times.length <= 5000
  2. 0 <= persons[i] <= persons.length
  3. times is a strictly increasing array with all elements in [0, 10^9].
  4. TopVotedCandidate.q is called at most 10000 times per test case.
  5. TopVotedCandidate.q(int t) is always called with t >= times[0].

这道题是关于线上选举的问题,这年头感觉选举都是得网络者得天下啊,很多都是先在网上形成了一股潮流,比如美国的特朗普,英国的约翰逊,台湾的韩国瑜等等,感觉各个都是社交媒体上的红人,不走寻常路啊。扯远了,拉回本题,其实刚开始博主看了几遍题目,愣是没理解题意,于是去论坛上逛逛,发现也有好多人不清楚,心里稍微舒坦点。这里给了两个数组 persons 和 times,表示在某个时间点 times[i],i这个人把选票投给了 persons[i],现在有一个q函数,输入时间点t,让返回在时间点t时得票最多的人,当得票数相等时,返回最近得票的人。因为查询需求的时间点是任意的,在某个查询时间点可能并没有投票发生,但需要知道当前的票王,当然最傻的办法就是每次都从开头统计到当前时间点,找出票王,但这种方法大概率会超时,正确的方法实际上是要在某个投票的时间点,都统计出当前的票王,然后在查询的时候,查找刚好大于查询时间点的下一个投票时间点,返回前一个时间点的票王即可,所以这里可以使用一个 TreeMap 来建立投票时间点和当前票王之间的映射。如何统计每个投票时间点的票王呢,可以使用一个 count 数组,其中 count[i] 就表示当前i获得的票数,还需要一个变量 lead,表示当前的票王。现在就可以开始遍历所有的投票了,对于每个投票,将票数加到 count 中对应的人身上,然后跟 lead 比较,若当前人的票数大于等于 lead 的票数,则 lead 更换为当前人,同时建立当前时间点和票王之间的映射。在查询的时候,由于时间点是有序的,所以可以使用二分搜索法,由于使用的是 TreeMap,具有自动排序的功能,可以直接用 upper_bound 来查找第一个比t大的投票时间,然后再返回上一个投票时间点的票王即可,参见代码如下:
解法一:

class TopVotedCandidate {
public:
    TopVotedCandidate(vector<int>& persons, vector<int>& times) {
        int n = persons.size(), lead = 0;
        vector<int> count(n + 1);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        	if (++count[persons[i]] >= count[lead]) {
        		lead = persons[i];
        	}
        	m[times[i]] = lead;
        }
    }   
    int q(int t) {
        return (--m.upper_bound(t))->second;
    }
    
private:
	map<int, int> m;
};

我们也可以用 HashMap 来取代 TreeMap,但因为 HashMap 无法进行时间点的排序,不好使用二分搜索法了,所以就需要记录投票时间数组 times,保存在一个私有变量中。在查询函数中自己来写二分搜索法,是博主之前的总结帖 LeetCode Binary Search Summary 二分搜索法小结 中的第三类,查找第一个大于目标值的数。由于要返回上一个投票时间点,所以要记得减1,参见代码如下:
解法二:

class TopVotedCandidate {
public:
    TopVotedCandidate(vector<int>& persons, vector<int>& times) {
        int n = persons.size(), lead = 0;
        vector<int> count(n + 1);
        this->times = times;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        	if (++count[persons[i]] >= count[lead]) {
        		lead = persons[i];
        	}
        	m[times[i]] = lead;
        }
    } 
    int q(int t) {
        int left = 0, right = times.size();
        while (left < right) {
            int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
            if (times[mid] <= t) left = mid + 1;
            else right = mid;
        }
        return m[times[right - 1]];
    }
    
private:
	unordered_map<int, int> m;
	vector<int> times;
};

Github 同步地址:

#911

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/online-election/

https://leetcode.com/problems/online-election/discuss/173382/C%2B%2BJavaPython-Binary-Search-in-Times

https://leetcode.com/problems/online-election/discuss/191898/Anybody-has-a-magic-general-formula-for-Binary-Search

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

Sign up for free to join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment
Labels
None yet
Projects
None yet
Development

No branches or pull requests

1 participant