testsuite: test prolog timeout after cancel #3139

Job	Run time
spelling	5s
validate commits	0s
python linting	30s
Generate build matrix	11s
bookworm - test-install	12m 7s
bookworm - 32 bit	13m 1s
noble - test-install	13m 8s
el9 - test-install	12m 54s
alpine - test-install	12m 43s
fedora40 - test-install	12m 21s
jammy - test-install	11m 47s
focal - py3.8	17m 8s
bookworm - gcc-12,content-s3,distcheck	18m 44s
fedora40 - clang-18	16m 49s
coverage	23m 53s
el8 - ascii	19m 57s
el8 - system,coverage	7m 54s
inception	22m 43s
flux-pam check	4m 4s
flux-sched check	7m 0s
flux-accounting check	4m 36s
flux-pmix check	12m 54s
Generate docker manifest	1s
	4h 4m 30s

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