refactor: index mechanism to enhance overall performance

[guqing]

What type of PR is this?

/kind improvement
/area core
/milestone 2.17.x

What this PR does / why we need it:

重构索引机制的查询和排序以提升整体性能

how to test it?
使用 postgre 数据库，初始化 Halo ，然后执行以下脚本创建 30w 文章数据进行测试:

点击展开查看 SQL

DO $$
DECLARE
    i integer;
    postNameIndex integer;
    snapshotName varchar;
    totalRecords integer;
BEGIN
    postNameIndex := 1;
    totalRecords := 300000;

    FOR i IN 1..3 LOOP
      INSERT INTO "public"."extensions" ("name", "data", "version")
      VALUES (
          '/registry/content.halo.run/categories/category-'||i,
          convert_to(
              jsonb_build_object(
                  'spec', jsonb_build_object(
                      'displayName', '分类-'||i,
                      'slug', 'category-'||i,
                      'description', '测试分类',
                      'cover', '',
                      'template', '',
                      'priority', 0,
                      'children', '[]'::jsonb
                  ),
                  'status', jsonb_build_object(
                      'permalink', '/categories/category-'||i,
                      'postCount', totalRecords,
                      'visiblePostCount', totalRecords
                  ),
                  'apiVersion', 'content.halo.run/v1alpha1',
                  'kind', 'Category',
                  'metadata', jsonb_build_object(
                      'finalizers', jsonb_build_array('category-protection'),
                      'name', 'category-' || i,
                      'annotations', jsonb_build_object(
                          'content.halo.run/permalink-pattern', 'categories'
                      ),
                      'version', 0,
                      'creationTimestamp', '2024-06-12T03:56:40.315592Z'
                  )
          )::text, 'UTF8'),
          0
      );
    END LOOP;


    FOR i IN 1..3 LOOP
      INSERT INTO "public"."extensions" ("name", "data", "version")
        VALUES (
            '/registry/content.halo.run/tags/tag-' || i,
            convert_to(
               jsonb_build_object(
               'spec', jsonb_build_object(
                   'displayName', 'Halo tag ' || i,
                   'slug', 'tag-'||i,
                   'color', '#ffffff',
                   'cover', ''
               ),
               'status', jsonb_build_object(
                   'permalink', '/tags/tag-' || i,
                   'visiblePostCount', totalRecords,
                   'postCount', totalRecords,
                   'observedVersion', 0
               ),
               'apiVersion', 'content.halo.run/v1alpha1',
               'kind', 'Tag',
               'metadata', jsonb_build_object(
                   'finalizers', jsonb_build_array('tag-protection'),
                   'name', 'tag-'||i,
                   'annotations', jsonb_build_object(
                       'content.halo.run/permalink-pattern', 'tags'
                   ),
                   'version', 0,
                   'creationTimestamp', '2024-06-12T03:56:40.406407Z'
               )
       )::text, 'UTF8'),
       0);
    END LOOP;

    FOR i IN postNameIndex..totalRecords LOOP
        -- Generate snapshotName
        snapshotName := 'snapshot-' || i;

        -- Insert post data
        INSERT INTO "public"."extensions" ("name", "data", "version")
        VALUES (
            '/registry/content.halo.run/posts/post-' || postNameIndex,
            convert_to(
                jsonb_build_object(
                    'spec', jsonb_build_object(
                        'title', 'title-' || postNameIndex,
                        'slug', 'slug-' || postNameIndex,
                        'releaseSnapshot', snapshotName,
                        'headSnapshot', snapshotName,
                        'baseSnapshot', snapshotName,
                        'owner', 'admin',
                        'template', '',
                        'cover', '',
                        'deleted', false,
                        'publish', true,
                        'pinned', false,
                        'allowComment', true,
                        'visible', 'PUBLIC',
                        'priority', 0,
                        'excerpt', jsonb_build_object(
                            'autoGenerate', true,
                            'raw', ''
                        ),
                        'categories', ARRAY['category-kEvDb', 'category-XcRVk', 'category-adca'],
                        'tags', ARRAY['tag-RtKos', 'tag-vEsTR', 'tag-UBKCc'],
                        'htmlMetas', '[]'::jsonb
                    ),
                    'status', jsonb_build_object(
                        'phase', 'PUBLISHED',
                        'conditions', ARRAY[
                            jsonb_build_object(
                                'type', 'PUBLISHED',
                                'status', 'TRUE',
                                'lastTransitionTime', '2024-06-11T10:16:15.617748Z',
                                'message', 'Post published successfully.',
                                'reason', 'Published'
                            ),
                            jsonb_build_object(
                                'type', 'DRAFT',
                                'status', 'TRUE',
                                'lastTransitionTime', '2024-06-11T10:16:15.457668Z',
                                'message', 'Drafted post successfully.',
                                'reason', 'DraftedSuccessfully'
                            )
                        ],
                        'permalink', '/archives/slug-' || postNameIndex,
                        'excerpt', '如果你看到了这一篇文章，那么证明你已经安装成功了，感谢使用 Halo 进行创作，希望能够使用愉快。',
                        'inProgress', false,
                        'contributors', ARRAY['admin'],
                        'lastModifyTime', '2024-06-11T10:16:15.421467Z',
                        'observedVersion', 0
                    ),
                    'apiVersion', 'content.halo.run/v1alpha1',
                    'kind', 'Post',
                    'metadata', jsonb_build_object(
                        'finalizers', ARRAY['post-protection'],
                        'name', 'post-' || postNameIndex,
                        'labels', jsonb_build_object(
                            'content.halo.run/published', 'true',
                            'content.halo.run/deleted', 'false',
                            'content.halo.run/owner', 'admin',
                            'content.halo.run/visible', 'PUBLIC',
                            'content.halo.run/archive-year', '2024',
                            'content.halo.run/archive-month', '06',
                            'content.halo.run/archive-day', '11'
                        ),
                        'annotations', jsonb_build_object(
                            'content.halo.run/permalink-pattern', '/archives/{slug}',
                            'content.halo.run/last-released-snapshot', snapshotName,
                            'checksum/config', '73e40d4115f5a7d1e74fcc9228861c53d2ef60468e1e606e367b01efef339309'
                        ),
                        'version', 0,
                        'creationTimestamp', '2024-06-11T05:51:46.059292Z'
                    )
                )::text, 'UTF8'),
            1
        );

        -- Insert content data
        INSERT INTO "public"."extensions" ("name", "data", "version")
        VALUES (
            '/registry/content.halo.run/snapshots/' || snapshotName,
            convert_to(
                jsonb_build_object(
                    'spec', jsonb_build_object(
                        'subjectRef', jsonb_build_object(
                            'group', 'content.halo.run',
                            'version', 'v1alpha1',
                            'kind', 'Post',
                            'name', 'post-' || postNameIndex
                        ),
                        'rawType', 'HTML',
                        'rawPatch', '<p style=\"\">测试内容</p>',
                        'contentPatch', '<p style=\"\">测试内容</p>',
                        'lastModifyTime', '2024-06-11T06:01:25.748755Z',
                        'owner', 'admin',
                        'contributors', ARRAY['admin']
                    ),
                    'apiVersion', 'content.halo.run/v1alpha1',
                    'kind', 'Snapshot',
                    'metadata', jsonb_build_object(
                        'name', snapshotName,
                        'annotations', jsonb_build_object(
                            'content.halo.run/keep-raw', 'true'
                        ),
                        'creationTimestamp', '2024-06-11T06:01:25.748925Z'
                    )
                )::text, 'UTF8'),
            1
        );

        postNameIndex := postNameIndex + 1;
    END LOOP;
END $$;

使用以下 API 查询文章

curl 'http://localhost:8090/apis/api.console.halo.run/v1alpha1/posts?page=1&size=20&labelSelector=content.halo.run%2Fdeleted%3Dfalse&labelSelector=content.halo.run%2Fpublished%3Dtrue&fieldSelector=spec.categories%3Dcategory-1&fieldSelector=spec.tags%3Dc33ceabb-d8f1-4711-8991-bb8f5c92ad7c&fieldSelector=status.contributors%3Dadmin&fieldSelector=spec.visible%3DPUBLIC' \
--header 'Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46YWRtaW4='

Before:

After:

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?

重构索引机制的查询和排序使整体性能提升 50% 以上

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 34.34650% with 216 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 54.82%. Comparing base (5fdf6c0) to head (a10e352).
Report is 244 commits behind head on main.

❗ Current head a10e352 differs from pull request most recent head 6cd622e

Please upload reports for the commit 6cd622e to get more accurate results.

Files	Patch %	Lines
.../app/extension/index/query/QueryIndexViewImpl.java	0.00%	80 Missing ⚠️
...lo/app/extension/index/IndexEntryOperatorImpl.java	0.00%	49 Missing ⚠️
...halo/app/extension/index/query/StringEndsWith.java	0.00%	9 Missing ⚠️
...lo/app/extension/index/query/StringStartsWith.java	0.00%	9 Missing ⚠️
.../main/java/run/halo/app/extension/ListOptions.java	0.00%	8 Missing ⚠️
...halo/app/extension/index/query/StringContains.java	11.11%	8 Missing ⚠️
...ava/run/halo/app/extension/index/query/IsNull.java	0.00%	7 Missing ⚠️
...a/run/halo/app/extension/index/query/NotEqual.java	0.00%	7 Missing ⚠️
...run/halo/app/extension/index/query/EqualQuery.java	0.00%	5 Missing ⚠️
...lo/app/extension/index/query/GreaterThanQuery.java	0.00%	5 Missing ⚠️
... and 11 more

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##               main    #6039      +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage     56.91%   54.82%   -2.10%     
- Complexity     3319     3400      +81     
============================================
  Files           587      626      +39     
  Lines         18968    21032    +2064     
  Branches       1401     1474      +73     
============================================
+ Hits          10795    11530     +735     
- Misses         7594     8915    +1321     
- Partials        579      587       +8     

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
2 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
No data about Coverage
0.1% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarCloud

[ruibaby]

ping @halo-dev/sig-halo

[ruibaby]

/lgtm

[JohnNiang]

本地测试场景：

1. 1000 篇随机文章
2. 10 个用户分别并发随机访问首页（随机页码） 100 次

对比结果如下面两张图片所示：

• Before:

  

• After

  

整体性能提升约 50%。

/approve

[ruibaby]

/lgtm

[f2c-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: JohnNiang, ruibaby

The full list of commands accepted by this bot can be found here.

The pull request process is described here

Needs approval from an approver in each of these files:

• OWNERS [JohnNiang,ruibaby]

Approvers can indicate their approval by writing /approve in a comment
Approvers can cancel approval by writing /approve cancel in a comment