Git Commands

Forked from @joshnh «A list of my commonly used Git commands»

If you are interested in Josh's Git aliases, have a look at .bash_profile

Getting & Creating Projects

Command	Description
git init	Initialize a local Git repository
git clone ssh://git@github.com/[username]/[repository-name].git	Create a local copy of a remote repository

Creating a new repository from command line

Command
echo "# [repository-name]" >> README.md
git init
git add README.md
git commit -m "first commit"
git remote add origin https://github.com/[username]/[repository-name].git
git push -u origin master

Connect to a remote repository

Command	Description
git remote add origin [server]	Connect your local repository to a remote server
git remote -v	List all configured remote repositories

Configuring a remote for a fork and syncing a fork

Command	Description
git remote add upstream https://github.com/ORIGINAL_OWNER/ORIGINAL_REPOSITORY.git	Specify a new remote upstream repository that will be synced with the fork
git remote -v	Verify the new upstream repository you've specified for your fork
git fetch upstream	Fetch the branches and their respective commits from the upstream repository. Commits to master will be stored in a local branch, upstream/master
git checkout master	Check out your fork's local master branch
git merge upstream/master	Merge the changes from upstream/master into your local master branch. This brings your fork's master branch into sync with the upstream repository, without losing your local changes

Basic Snapshotting

Command	Description
git status	Check status
git add [file-name.txt]	Add a file to the staging area
git add -A	Add all new and changed files to the staging area
git commit -m "[commit message]"	Commit changes
git rm -r [file-name.txt]	Remove a file (or folder)

Branching

Command	Description
git branch	List branches (the asterisk denotes the current branch)
git branch -a	List all branches (local and remote)
git branch [branch name]	Create a new branch
git push --set-upstream origin [branch]	Push created branch
git branch -f branch-name [new-tip-commit_ID]	Move branch pointer to new/different commit
git branch -d [branch name]	Delete a branch
git push origin --delete [branchName]	Delete a remote branch
git checkout -b [branch name]	Create a new branch and switch to it
git checkout -b [branch name] origin/[branch name]	Clone a remote branch and switch to it
git checkout [branch name]	Switch to a branch
git checkout -	Switch to the branch last checked out
git checkout -- [file-name.txt]	Discard changes to a file
git stash	Stash changes in a dirty working directory
git stash clear	Remove all stashed entries
git revert [commit ID]	Revert current commit
git reset --hard	Discard all local changes to all files permanently
git clean -n	List all untracked files that are to be deleted
git clean -f	Delete all untracked files. Additional arguments: -d for directories, -X for ignored files, -x for ignored and non-ignored files. Can be combined with -f. Usage: git clean -fd, git clean -fX and git clean -fx

Merging, Rebasing & Cherry Picking

Command	Description
git merge [branch name]	Merge a branch into the active branch
git merge [source branch] [target branch]	Merge a branch into a target branch
git rebase [branch name]	Change the base of your branch to what's current in [branch name]
git rebase --continue	Continues rebase after resolving conflicts
git rebase --abort	Aborts the current rebase
git cherry-pick -x [commit hash]	Choose a commit from one branch and apply it onto current one.

Tagging

Command	Description
git tag	View tags
git tag -a [tag_name] -m [tag_desc]	Add a tag to current head
git tag -l	List out all the tags
git show [tag_name]	Get tag - triggered - date - author - commit hash - desc
git push origin [tag_name]	Push tag into origin master
git tag -d [tag_name]	Delete tag
git push origin --delete [tag_name]	Delete tag in remote repository

Branch management

Deleting stale/unused local git branches.

Command	Description
git remote prune origin	Deletes all stale remote-tracking branches. These stale branches have already been removed from the remote repository, but are still locally available in remotes/
git branch -vv | grep 'origin/.*: gone]'	Filter git branches down to those with deleted upstream/remote counterparts
git branch -vv | grep 'origin/.*: gone]' | awk '{print $1}'	Picks branch names from the above filtered list
git branch -vv | grep 'origin/.*: gone]' | awk '{print $1}' | xargs git branch -d	Delete the branched listed

Sharing & Updating Projects

Command	Description
git push origin [branch name]	Push a branch to your remote repository
git push -u origin [branch name]	Push changes to remote repository (and set an upstream, remember the branch)
git push	Push changes to remote repository (remembered branch)
git push origin -f	Gorces push onto specific branch
git push origin --delete [branch name]	Delete a remote branch
git pull	Update local repository to the newest commit
git pull origin [branch name]	Pull changes from remote repository
git remote add origin ssh://git@github.com/[username]/[repository-name].git	Add a remote repository
git remote set-url origin [server]	Changes an existing remote repository URL
git remote set-url origin ssh://git@github.com/[username]/[repository-name].git	Set a repository's origin branch to SSH
git config --global user.email "email@example.com"	Setting your email address for every repository on your computer
git config user.email "email@example.com"	Setting your email address for a single repository on your computer

Inspection & Comparison

Command	Description
git log	View commit logs
git log --oneline	View commit logs (single lines)
git log --summary	View commit logs (detailed)
git diff [source branch] [target branch]	Preview changes before merging

README syntax

https://help.github.com/articles/basic-writing-and-formatting-syntax/#styling-text