refactor(header): make some headers more allocator friendly

Change the internal implementation of some simple headers to make them
more allocator friendly. Also add a constructor method to allow changing
the implementation in the future again.

The headers are:

- Location
- Referrer
- Server
- UserAgent

This change was suggested in [hyperium#1104].

BREAKING CHANGES:
- Old code that creates the header structs directly will stop working.
- It's not possible to implement DerefMut for a Cow<'static,str>. Code
that needs to modify header after creation will stop working.

src/header/common/location.rs

@@ -21,16 +21,16 @@ header! {
     /// use hyper::header::{Headers, Location};
     ///
     /// let mut headers = Headers::new();
-    /// headers.set(Location("/People.html#tim".to_owned()));
+    /// headers.set(Location::new("/People.html#tim"));
     /// ```
     /// ```
     /// use hyper::header::{Headers, Location};
     ///
     /// let mut headers = Headers::new();
-    /// headers.set(Location("http://www.example.com/index.html".to_owned()));
+    /// headers.set(Location::new("http://www.example.com/index.html"));
     /// ```
     // TODO: Use URL
-    (Location, "Location") => [String]
+    (Location, "Location") => Cow[str]
 
     test_location {
         // Testcase from RFC

src/header/common/mod.rs

@@ -264,6 +264,41 @@ macro_rules! header {
             }
         }
     };
+    // Single value cow header
+    ($(#[$a:meta])*($id:ident, $n:expr) => Cow[$value:ty]) => {
+        $(#[$a])*
+        #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+        pub struct $id(::std::borrow::Cow<'static,$value>);
+        impl $id {
+            /// Creates a new $id
+            pub fn new<I: Into<::std::borrow::Cow<'static,$value>>>(value: I) -> Self {
+                $id(value.into())
+            }
+        }
+        impl ::std::ops::Deref for $id {
+            type Target = ::std::borrow::Cow<'static,$value>;
+            fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+                &(self.0)
+            }
+        }
+        impl $crate::header::Header for $id {
+            fn header_name() -> &'static str {
+                static NAME: &'static str = $n;
+                NAME
+            }
+            fn parse_header(raw: &$crate::header::Raw) -> $crate::Result<Self> {
+                $crate::header::parsing::from_one_raw_str::<<$value as ::std::borrow::ToOwned>::Owned>(raw).map($id::new)
+            }
+            fn fmt_header(&self, f: &mut ::std::fmt::Formatter) -> ::std::fmt::Result {
+                ::std::fmt::Display::fmt(&**self, f)
+            }
+        }
+        impl ::std::fmt::Display for $id {
+            fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::std::fmt::Formatter) -> ::std::fmt::Result {
+                ::std::fmt::Display::fmt(&**self, f)
+            }
+        }
+    };
     // List header, one or more items with "*" option
     ($(#[$a:meta])*($id:ident, $n:expr) => {Any / ($item:ty)+}) => {
         $(#[$a])*
@@ -329,6 +364,14 @@ macro_rules! header {
 
         __hyper__tm! { $id, $tm { $($tf)* }}
     };
+    ($(#[$a:meta])*($id:ident, $n:expr) => Cow[$item:ty] $tm:ident{$($tf:item)*}) => {
+        header! {
+            $(#[$a])*
+            ($id, $n) => Cow[$item]
+        }
+
+        __hyper__tm! { $id, $tm { $($tf)* }}
+    };
     ($(#[$a:meta])*($id:ident, $n:expr) => {Any / ($item:ty)+} $tm:ident{$($tf:item)*}) => {
         header! {
             $(#[$a])*

src/header/common/referer.rs

@@ -21,16 +21,16 @@ header! {
     /// use hyper::header::{Headers, Referer};
     ///
     /// let mut headers = Headers::new();
-    /// headers.set(Referer("/People.html#tim".to_owned()));
+    /// headers.set(Referer::new("/People.html#tim"));
     /// ```
     /// ```
     /// use hyper::header::{Headers, Referer};
     ///
     /// let mut headers = Headers::new();
-    /// headers.set(Referer("http://www.example.com/index.html".to_owned()));
+    /// headers.set(Referer::new("http://www.example.com/index.html"));
     /// ```
     // TODO Use URL
-    (Referer, "Referer") => [String]
+    (Referer, "Referer") => Cow[str]
 
     test_referer {
         // Testcase from the RFC

src/header/common/server.rs

@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ header! {
     /// use hyper::header::{Headers, Server};
     ///
     /// let mut headers = Headers::new();
-    /// headers.set(Server("hyper/0.5.2".to_owned()));
+    /// headers.set(Server::new("hyper/0.5.2"));
     /// ```
     // TODO: Maybe parse as defined in the spec?
-    (Server, "Server") => [String]
+    (Server, "Server") => Cow[str]
 
     test_server {
         // Testcase from RFC

src/header/common/user_agent.rs

@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ header! {
     /// use hyper::header::{Headers, UserAgent};
     ///
     /// let mut headers = Headers::new();
-    /// headers.set(UserAgent("hyper/0.5.2".to_owned()));
+    /// headers.set(UserAgent::new("hyper/0.5.2"));
     /// ```
-    (UserAgent, "User-Agent") => [String]
+    (UserAgent, "User-Agent") => Cow[str]
 
     test_user_agent {
         // Testcase from RFC
         test_header!(test1, vec![b"CERN-LineMode/2.15 libwww/2.17b3"]);
         // Own testcase
-        test_header!(test2, vec![b"Bunnies"], Some(UserAgent("Bunnies".to_owned())));
+        test_header!(test2, vec![b"Bunnies"], Some(UserAgent::new("Bunnies")));
     }
 }

src/header/mod.rs

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ fn test_get_type() {
     use ::header::{ContentLength, UserAgent};
 
     let len = ContentLength(5);
-    let agent = UserAgent("hyper".to_owned());
+    let agent = UserAgent::new("hyper");
 
     assert_eq!(TypeId::of::<ContentLength>(), len.get_type());
     assert_eq!(TypeId::of::<UserAgent>(), agent.get_type());