Backport of [NET-5944] security: Update Go version to 1.20.10 and x/net to 0.17.0 into release/1.14.x

[hc-github-team-consul-core]

Backport

This PR is auto-generated from #19225 to be assessed for backporting due to the inclusion of the label backport/1.14.

🚨

Warning automatic cherry-pick of commits failed. If the first commit failed,
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The person who merged in the original PR is:
@zalimeni
This person should manually cherry-pick the original PR into a new backport PR,
and close this one when the manual backport PR is merged in.

merge conflict error: POST https://api.github.com/repos/hashicorp/consul/merges: 409 Merge conflict []

The below text is copied from the body of the original PR.

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Description

• Upgrade Go to 1.20.10
• Update x/net to 1.17.0 (latest)

Change will be backported to all (1.14.x-1.17.x) release branches with future releases scheduled. This will likely also be a manual backport to 1.17.0 GA depending on branch cut timing.

Testing & Reproduction steps

CI tests should continue to pass.

Links

• https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/iNNxDTCjZvo
• net/http, x/net/http2: rapid stream resets can cause excessive work (CVE-2023-39325) golang/go#63417

PR Checklist

• updated test coverage
• external facing docs updated
• appropriate backport labels added
• not a security concern

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Overview of commits

• d7d9de9 - 0794b1c

[hashicorp-cla]

All committers have signed the CLA.

[github-team-consul-core-pr-approver]

Auto approved Consul Bot automated PR