provider: Add custom_ca_bundle

[YakDriver]

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Closes #23229
Closes #23224
Relates hashicorp/aws-sdk-go-base#119
Relates #23212
Relates #23282

Output from acceptance testing:

% make testacc TESTS=TestAccProvider PKG_NAME=./internal/acctest
==> Checking that code complies with gofmt requirements...
TF_ACC=1 go test ././internal/acctest/... -v -count 1 -parallel 20 -run='TestAccProvider'  -timeout 180m
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_Region_awsGovCloudUs (23.01s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_Region_stsRegion (23.13s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_Region_awsC2S (23.15s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_Region_awsSC2S (23.75s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_Region_awsChina (24.11s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_Region_awsCommercial (24.78s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_IgnoreTagsKeyPrefixes_multiple (28.30s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_IgnoreTags_emptyBlock (28.42s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_IgnoreTagsKeys_one (29.22s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_IgnoreTagsKeys_multiple (29.73s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_IgnoreTagsKeyPrefixes_none (30.31s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_DefaultTagsTags_one (30.31s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_DefaultTagsTags_multiple (30.31s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_DefaultTags_emptyBlock (30.31s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_IgnoreTagsKeys_none (30.33s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_unusualEndpoints (30.35s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_IgnoreTagsKeyPrefixes_one (31.28s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_endpoints (31.32s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_AssumeRole_empty (33.60s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_DefaultAndIgnoreTags_emptyBlocks (12.23s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_DefaultTagsTags_none (12.35s)
--- PASS: TestAccProvider_fipsEndpoint (39.33s)
PASS
ok  	github.com/hashicorp/terraform-provider-aws/internal/acctest	41.489s

[gdavison]

Looks good! 🚀

[github-actions]

This functionality has been released in v4.2.0 of the Terraform AWS Provider. Please see the Terraform documentation on provider versioning or reach out if you need any assistance upgrading.

For further feature requests or bug reports with this functionality, please create a new GitHub issue following the template. Thank you!

[github-actions]

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