ci: use LLVM/clang-16 in native_asan job

Similar to bitcoin#27298.

.cirrus.yml

@@ -269,8 +269,9 @@ task:
   # Images can be found here: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details
   compute_engine_instance:
     image_project: ubuntu-os-cloud
-    image: family/ubuntu-2204-lts # when upgrading, check if we can drop "ADD_UNTRUSTED_BPFCC_PPA"
+    image: family/ubuntu-2304-amd64 # https://cirrus-ci.org/guide/custom-vms/#custom-compute-engine-vms
     cpu: 4
+    disk: 100
     memory: 12G
   env:
     << : *CIRRUS_EPHEMERAL_WORKER_TEMPLATE_ENV

ci/test/00_setup_env_native_asan.sh

@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ else
 fi
 
 export CONTAINER_NAME=ci_native_asan
-export PACKAGES="systemtap-sdt-dev clang llvm python3-zmq qtbase5-dev qttools5-dev-tools libevent-dev bsdmainutils libboost-dev libdb5.3++-dev libminiupnpc-dev libnatpmp-dev libzmq3-dev libqrencode-dev libsqlite3-dev ${BPFCC_PACKAGE}"
-export CI_IMAGE_NAME_TAG=ubuntu:22.04
+export PACKAGES="systemtap-sdt-dev clang-16 llvm-16 libclang-rt-16-dev python3-zmq qtbase5-dev qttools5-dev-tools libevent-dev bsdmainutils libboost-dev libdb5.3++-dev libminiupnpc-dev libnatpmp-dev libzmq3-dev libqrencode-dev libsqlite3-dev ${BPFCC_PACKAGE}"
+export CI_IMAGE_NAME_TAG=ubuntu:23.04 # Version 23.04 will reach EOL in Jan 2024, and can be replaced by "ubuntu:24.04" (or anything else that ships the wanted clang version).
 export NO_DEPENDS=1
 export GOAL="install"
-export BITCOIN_CONFIG="--enable-c++20 --enable-usdt --enable-zmq --with-incompatible-bdb --with-gui=qt5 CPPFLAGS='-DARENA_DEBUG -DDEBUG_LOCKORDER' --with-sanitizers=address,integer,undefined CC=clang CXX=clang++"
+export BITCOIN_CONFIG="--enable-c++20 --enable-usdt --enable-zmq --with-incompatible-bdb --with-gui=qt5 CPPFLAGS='-DARENA_DEBUG -DDEBUG_LOCKORDER' --with-sanitizers=address,integer,undefined CC=clang-16 CXX=clang++-16"