Support for Precognition in <Form> component

[pascalbaljet]

This PR replaces #2619 and is now based on the work done in PR #2684.

This PR brings support for Laravel Precognition to the <Form> component. We decided to build this directly into Inertia (instead of the Precognition library) for two reasons:

• While patching useForm() in laravel-precognition is manageable, patching the <Form> component would quickly become messy and difficult to unit test. Inertia already has an extensive Playwright setup.
• It's just two additional headers sent to the backend. Laravel already supports this, and it should be fairly easy for other frameworks to implement. We'll update our protocols page once this PR is merged.

Here's how you can use it in Vue:

<template>
  <Form action="/users" method="post" #default="{ errors, invalid, validate, validating }">
    <div>
      <input name="name" @change="validate('name')" />
      <p v-if="invalid('name')"> {{ errors.name }} </p>
    </div>

    <div>
      <input name="email" @change="validate('email')" />
      <p v-if="invalid('email')"> {{ errors.email }} </p>
    </div>

    <p v-if="validating">Validating...</p>
  </Form>
</template>

In addition to invalid(), there's also valid(), which returns true only when the field has been validated and contains no errors.

<template>
  <Form action="/users" method="post" #default="{ errors, invalid, valid, validate }">
    <div>
      <input name="name" @change="validate('name')" />
      <p v-if="valid('name')"> ✅ Name has been validated </p>
      <p v-if="invalid('name')"> ❌ Name is invalid </p>
    </div>
  </Form>
</template>

You may configure the debounce timeout (defaults to 1500ms) and include files with the validateFiles and validateTimeout props.

<template>
  <Form action="/documents" method="post" validate-files :validate-timeout="500">
    <!-- ... -->
  </Form>
</template>

A touch() method is available to mark fields for validation, and a touched() method checks if fields have been touched. The existing reset() method has been updated to also call reset() on the underlying validator.

<template>
  <Form
    action="/form-component/precognition"
    method="post"
    #default="{ errors, invalid, reset, touch, validate }"
  >
    <div>
      <input name="name" />
      <p v-if="invalid('name')"> {{ errors.name }} </p>
    </div>

    <div>
      <input name="email" />
      <p v-if="invalid('email')"> {{ errors.email }} </p>
    </div>

    <button type="button" @click="reset()">Reset All</button>
    <button type="button" @click="reset('name')">Reset Name</button>
    <button type="button" @click="reset(['name', 'email'])">Reset Name and Email</button>

    <button type="button" @click="touch('name')">Touch Name</button>
    <button type="button" @click="touch(['name', 'email'])">Touch Name and Email</button>

    <p v-if="touched()">One or more fields have been touched</p>
    <p v-if="touched('name')">Name has been touched</p>

    <button type="button" @click="validate()">Validate touched fields</button>  
    <button type="button" @click="validate({ only: ['name', 'email'] })">Validate multiple fields</button>  
  </Form>
</template>

The defaults() method also has been updated to sets the current state of the data on the internal validator, ensuring it only triggers validation when it changes again.

<template>
  <Form
    action="/users"
    method="post"
    #default="{ defaults }"
  >
    <input name="name" value="John" />
    <input name="email" value="john@example.com" />

    <button type="button" @click="defaults()">
      Set Current Values as Defaults
    </button>
  </Form>
</template>

Lastly, you may pass an object of options to validate().

<template>
  <Form action="/form-component/precognition" method="post" #default="{ validate }">
    <input name="name" />

    <button
      type="button"
      @click="
        validate('name', {
          onPrecognitionSuccess: () => {
            // ...
          },
          onValidationError: () => {
            // ...
          },
          onFinish: () => {
            // ...
          },
        })
      "
    >
      Validate Name with Callbacks
    </button>
  </Form>
</template>

Alternatively, you may pass an only option to the options object, which can be a string or array of fields.

validate({
  only: ['name'],
  onValidationError: () => {
    // ...
  }
})

The onBefore option allow you to hook into the validation lifecycle. onBefore receives the new and old request data, and returning false will prevent the validation request.

validate('name', {
  onBeforeValidation: (newRequest, oldRequest) => {
    // newRequest: { data: {...}, touched: ['name'] }
    // oldRequest: { data: {...}, touched: [...] }

    // Return false to prevent validation
    if (someCondition) {
      return false
    }
  },
})

Laravel validation errors are typically arrays of messages per field. The Inertia middleware automatically simplifies these to just the first error for each field. However, the middleware doesn't run on 422 responses, so the <Form> component handles this transformation by default. Use with-all-errors to keep the original array format.

<template>
  <Form action="/users" method="post">
    <!-- errors.name will be a string: "The name field is required" -->
  </Form>

  <!-- Original format - keeps full error arrays -->
  <Form action="/users" method="post" with-array-errors>
    <!-- errors.name will be an array: ["The name field is required", "The name must be at least 3 characters"] -->
  </Form>
</template>