Use C++20 source_location feature in exceptions

[IAmNotHanni]

Closes #468

Source locations!

C++20 gives us a very nice new feature, std::source_location!

VulkanException(std::string message, VkResult result,
                std::source_location location = std::source_location::current());

VulkanException::VulkanException(std::string message, const VkResult result,
                                 const std::source_location location)
    : InexorException(message.append(" (")
                          .append(vk_tools::as_string(result))
                          .append(": ")
                          .append(vk_tools::result_to_description(result))
                          .append(") (")
                          .append("file: ")
                          .append(location.file_name())
                          .append(", line: ")
                          .append(std::to_string(location.line()))
                          .append(", column: ")
                          .append(std::to_string(location.column()))
                          .append(", function name: ")
                          .append(location.function_name())
                          .append(")")) {}

Throwing an example exception from rendergraph:

throw VulkanException("I am throwing a new exception!", VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DRIVER);

Results in:

terminate called after throwing an instance of 'inexor::vulkan_renderer::VulkanException'
what(): I am throwing a new exception! (VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DRIVER: The requested version of Vulkan is not supported by the driver or is otherwise incompatible for implementation-specific reasons) (file: /home/johannes/Inexor/exception_refactoring/vulkan-renderer/src/vulkan-renderer/render_graph.cpp, line: 85, column: 89, function name: void inexor::vulkan_renderer::RenderGraph::build_buffer(const inexor::vulkan_renderer::BufferResource&, inexor::vulkan_renderer::PhysicalBuffer&) const)

(Note that I didn't add a catch block, so the exception will not be caught properly. However this was only a proof of concept)

This will make debugging a lot easier!

[IAmNotHanni]

Oh it looks like clang isn't ready for source_location yet.

[IceflowRE]

Suggested change

	// There is no need to define our own constructors
	// There is no need to define our own constructors.

[IceflowRE]

Suggested change

	/// A custom base class for exceptions
	/// A custom base class for exceptions.

[IceflowRE]

Suggested change

	/// Default constructor
	/// Here we are using `C++20 source location feature <https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/source_location>`__
	/// @param message The exception message
	/// @param result The VkResult value of the Vulkan API call which failed
	/// @param location The source location
	VulkanException(std::string message, VkResult result,
	std::source_location location = std::source_location::current());
	/// Default constructor.
	/// @param message The exception message.
	/// @param result The VkResult value of the Vulkan API call which failed.
	/// @param location The source location.
	VulkanException(std::string message, VkResult result,
	std::source_location location = std::source_location::current());

I would not especially point out the new C++20 feature.

[IceflowRE]

Since we are using C++20 we could use std::format here.

[BrettDong]

Clang 15 now supports std::source_location.

[IAmNotHanni]

Note for myself: The exception class can be made [[nodiscard]]

[IAmNotHanni]

I will close this because std::source_location for our exceptions will be introduced by rendergraph2 pull request: #533