chore: upgrade TypeScript and @types/node

[SimenB]

Summary

Being on an old version is suboptimal, let's see if we can upgrade 🙂

Test plan

CI

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commit: 48eed60

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR upgrades TypeScript and @types/node dependencies to address compatibility issues with newer Node.js APIs. The upgrade resolves type errors related to experimental VM modules that are now officially supported.

• Removes TypeScript version restriction and updates @types/node to 18.x
• Fixes type assertions and removes experimental type suppressions for VM modules
• Updates function signatures to use proper TypeScript types instead of type suppressions

Reviewed Changes

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 8 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
package.json	Updates @types/node version constraint and removes TypeScript version pinning
eslint.config.mjs	Adds defineConfig import and updates configuration function call
packages/jest-resolve/src/shouldLoadAsEsm.ts	Removes ts-expect-error comment for SyntheticModule import
packages/jest-runtime/src/index.ts	Major type system improvements, removes experimental type suppressions
packages/jest-test-sequencer/src/tests/test_sequencer.test.ts	Adds async keywords to map callback functions
packages/jest-worker/src/workers/tests/NodeThreadsWorker.test.ts	Adds type cast for Stream interface
packages/jest-worker/src/workers/tests/ChildProcessWorker.test.ts	Adds type cast for Stream interface

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[SimenB]

There are some casts added, but previously it was all implicitly any. So no type safety is lost at least 🙂

Will need to revisit all of this stuff for require(esm) anyways