Add client connection error exception

This change adds a new `PyJWKClientConnectionError` exception which
helps to differentiate connection errors from other types of failures
when calling methods such as `get_signing_key_from_jwt()`. This allows
users to do things like retry the method if there's a connection issue.

jwt/exceptions.py

@@ -64,3 +64,7 @@ class PyJWKSetError(PyJWTError):
 
 class PyJWKClientError(PyJWTError):
     pass
+
+
+class PyJWKClientConnectionError(PyJWKClientError):
+    pass

jwt/jwks_client.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 from .api_jwk import PyJWK, PyJWKSet
 from .api_jwt import decode_complete as decode_token
-from .exceptions import PyJWKClientError
+from .exceptions import PyJWKClientError, PyJWKClientConnectionError
 from .jwk_set_cache import JWKSetCache
 
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ def fetch_data(self) -> Any:
             with urllib.request.urlopen(r, timeout=self.timeout) as response:
                 jwk_set = json.load(response)
         except (URLError, TimeoutError) as e:
-            raise PyJWKClientError(f'Fail to fetch data from the url, err: "{e}"')
+            raise PyJWKClientConnectionError(f'Fail to fetch data from the url, err: "{e}"')
         else:
             return jwk_set
         finally:

tests/test_jwks_client.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 import jwt
 from jwt import PyJWKClient
 from jwt.api_jwk import PyJWK
-from jwt.exceptions import PyJWKClientError
+from jwt.exceptions import PyJWKClientError, PyJWKClientConnectionError
 
 from .utils import crypto_required
 
@@ -283,6 +283,15 @@ def test_get_jwt_set_failed_request_should_clear_cache(self):
 
             assert jwks_client.jwk_set_cache is None
 
+    def test_failed_request_should_raise_connection_error(self):
+        token = "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6Ik5FRTFRVVJCT1RNNE16STVSa0ZETlRZeE9UVTFNRGcyT0Rnd1EwVXpNVGsxUWpZeVJrUkZRdyJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJodHRwczovL2Rldi04N2V2eDlydS5hdXRoMC5jb20vIiwic3ViIjoiYVc0Q2NhNzl4UmVMV1V6MGFFMkg2a0QwTzNjWEJWdENAY2xpZW50cyIsImF1ZCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vZXhwZW5zZXMtYXBpIiwiaWF0IjoxNTcyMDA2OTU0LCJleHAiOjE1NzIwMDY5NjQsImF6cCI6ImFXNENjYTc5eFJlTFdVejBhRTJINmtEME8zY1hCVnRDIiwiZ3R5IjoiY2xpZW50LWNyZWRlbnRpYWxzIn0.PUxE7xn52aTCohGiWoSdMBZGiYAHwE5FYie0Y1qUT68IHSTXwXVd6hn02HTah6epvHHVKA2FqcFZ4GGv5VTHEvYpeggiiZMgbxFrmTEY0csL6VNkX1eaJGcuehwQCRBKRLL3zKmA5IKGy5GeUnIbpPHLHDxr-GXvgFzsdsyWlVQvPX2xjeaQ217r2PtxDeqjlf66UYl6oY6AqNS8DH3iryCvIfCcybRZkc_hdy-6ZMoKT6Piijvk_aXdm7-QQqKJFHLuEqrVSOuBqqiNfVrG27QzAPuPOxvfXTVLXL2jek5meH6n-VWgrBdoMFH93QEszEDowDAEhQPHVs0xj7SIzA"
+        url = "https://dev-87evx9ru.auth0.com/.well-known/jwks.json"
+
+        jwks_client = PyJWKClient(url)
+        with pytest.raises(PyJWKClientConnectionError):
+            with mocked_failed_response():
+                jwks_client.get_signing_key_from_jwt(token)
+
     def test_get_jwt_set_refresh_cache(self):
         url = "https://dev-87evx9ru.auth0.com/.well-known/jwks.json"
         jwks_client = PyJWKClient(url)