Try to use ubuntu-24.04 GitHub runners

[mathbunnyru]

Describe your changes

I'm not planning to merge this, but I would like to check everything works.

Ubuntu 24.04 will soon be used when someone uses ubuntu-latest: actions/runner-images#10636

So, we need to verify it works well for our workflows.

Issue ticket if applicable

Checklist (especially for first-time contributors)

• I have performed a self-review of my code
• If it is a core feature, I have added thorough tests
• I will try not to use force-push to make the review process easier for reviewers
• I have updated the documentation for significant changes

[mathbunnyru]

Everything seems to work except for script to setup our self-hosted runners.
I hope we won't need them anymore quite soon, so we should be fine, so I'm closing this PR.