vm: New CallTracer impl and capture more cases in EVM

[blukat29]

Proposed changes

• Follow-up geth changes on callTracer
  • Bring in geth native.CallTracer to kaia vm.CallTracer (ethereum/go-ethereum@fc3e6d0)
    • didn't create under node/cn/tracers/native to avoid import cycle.
  • CallTracer's internal structure uses native types and encoded at GetResult (ethereum/go-ethereum@fc3e6d0)
    • The internal structure CallFrame is converted to JSON in GetResult (for RPC)
  • Result contains revertReason field (ethereum/go-ethereum@ff1f492)
  • Top call frame's gasUsed field includes intrinsic gas (ethereum/go-ethereum@0f49422)
  • Top call frame's gas field includes intrinsic gas (ethereum/go-ethereum@0b76eb3)
  • Tracer captures more validation errors like "contract address collision" (See core/vm/evm.go in ethereum/go-ethereum@064f37d)
• Follow-up geth changes on prestateTracer
  • Account for simple value transfer and EXTCODEHASH (See prestate_tracer.js in ethereum/go-ethereum@cac09a3)
• Kaia TxType treatment
  • For AccountUpdate, Cancel, and Anchoring tx types, state_transition.go calls the CaptureStart and CaptureEnd as if they are simple value transfer with value == 0 and from == to.
• Add JSON testdata and makeTest scripts
  • The tests are created against the node with tracers: debug APIs and chaindatafetcher use new vm.CallTracer #16 applied, and then manually inspected.

Types of changes

Please put an x in the boxes related to your change.

• Bugfix
• New feature or enhancement
• Others

Checklist

• [ ] I have read the CONTRIBUTING GUIDELINES doc
• I have read the CLA and signed by comment I have read the CLA Document and I hereby sign the CLA in first time contribute
• Lint and unit tests pass locally with my changes ($ make test)
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• I have added necessary documentation (if appropriate)
• Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream modules

Related issues

• Please leave the issue numbers or links related to this PR here.

Further comments

Notable changes of callTrace

• Minor changes
  • The output field is omitted if empty.
  • The value field is sometimes omitted if it equals zero, but sometimes "0x0" is shown.
  • The time field is deleted.
• Top call frame's gas and gasUsed values agree with transaction and receipts.
  • Affects: pretty much all transactions
  • Example: Testnet 0xf3b71a6f97667dba14aef6d512c9bb01c7af43756e464c57e12b2fdfa7a9d3f2
  • tx.gasLimit = 52500 (0xcd14), receipt.gasUsed = 21000 (0x5208). Note: gasLimit - intrinsicGas = 31500 (0x7b0c)

 {
   from: "0x7f0546832758f61410e81a94d7a07d55b1dfd278",
-  gas: "0x7b0c",
+  gas: "0xcd14",
   gasUsed: "0x5208",
   input: "0x",
-  output: "0x",
   to: "0xba736c844fd44c380ce19423f9f1ddcb9cd19b6c",
   type: "CALL",
   value: "0x0"
 }

• Revert messages are additionally provided as geth-style revertReason field.
  • Affects: Transactions reverted with a message.
  • Example: Testnet 0x49aa6074a3b4970399ef2af12b109c4cb4a65ab8a833d1540e4cefa657a3c0c7
  • Note that existing infrastructures relying on reverted.message field don't need change.

 {
   error: "execution reverted",
   from: "0x7f0546832758f61410e81a94d7a07d55b1dfd278",
-  gas: "0x6fb8",
+  gas: "0xc350",
   gasUsed: "0x6992",
   input: "0x96670644",
   output: "0x08c379a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000962616420696e7075740000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+  revertReason: "bad input",
   reverted: {
     contract: "0xe6c5b1cbf283d9482088136b8cee53fdb6c088eb",
     message: "bad input"
   },
   to: "0xe6c5b1cbf283d9482088136b8cee53fdb6c088eb",
   type: "CALL",
   value: "0x0"
 }

• The DELEGATECALL trace inherits the caller's value, to match with EVM semantic.
  • Affects: Transactions that execute DELEGATECALL opcode
  • Example: Testnet 0x931c5af31bfb906fc20effa0f90f1a8e66edefac9879729fedd18a65d64a11be

 {
   calls: [{
       from: "0xd94ed12cf3c2eded33adc58a7a09f0b4e0721cd0",
       gas: "0x9b",
       gasUsed: "0x62",
       input: "0xc605f76c",
-      output: "0x",
       to: "0x3d0c6d64907b2ef39e73aa8b08ad8da9b03b9140",
-      type: "DELEGATECALL"
+      type: "DELEGATECALL",
+      value: "0xaa87bee538000"
   }],

• Precompile invocations are now shown
  • Affects: Transactions that execute precompiled contracts
  • Example: Testnet 0xb71df5a6628cd2c193c5155c4dabbd45604a6207334c793b512293e165a04526

 {
+  calls: [{
+      from: "0x813c4bd8a12e427f08e9982c958e0a6d4e05c56f",
+      gas: "0x18c",
+      gasUsed: "0x48",
+      input: "0x998877665544332211",
+      output: "0x1c32777581417de40ff9f685335ce161c493e2528c39742c5327198b95b07320",
+      to: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002",
+      type: "STATICCALL"
+  }],
   from: "0x7f0546832758f61410e81a94d7a07d55b1dfd278",
-  gas: "0x6ad",
+  gas: "0x7fc5",
   gasUsed: "0x7fc5",
   input: "0x9fb83711000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000099988776655443322110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-  output: "0x",
   to: "0x813c4bd8a12e427f08e9982c958e0a6d4e05c56f",
   type: "CALL",
   value: "0x0"
 }

• Early validation errors (e.g. max call depth exceeded, contract address collision) are now shown
  • Affects: Transactions that failed with certain error codes
  • Example: Testnet 0xdf06945964fb2f966c89716bb936da523964c73ee30c0f556baaad90263facfd

 {
   calls: [{
-      error: "internal failure",
+      error: "contract address collision",
       from: "0xafe64e2883b6fe56fbdddeef1536e034f2fe6c11",
+      gas: "0x2c2618",
       gasUsed: "0x2c2618",
       input: "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",
       type: "CREATE2",
       value: "0x0"
   }],
 }

• All necessary trace fields are shown for non-EVM Tx Types (i.e. AccountUpdate, Cancel, ChainDataAnchoring)
  • Affects: Such Tx Types
  • Example: Testnet 0xac43859eb4064916e8be8e74645d6019cc48cb6791f68ea21d42ead6bba569b5
  • These tx types are displayed as 0 value transfer to the sender itself.

 {
+  from: "0x7f0546832758f61410e81a94d7a07d55b1dfd278",
+  gas: "0xcd14",
   gasUsed: "0xa028",
-  type: "",
+  input: "0x",
+  to: "0x7f0546832758f61410e81a94d7a07d55b1dfd278",
+  type: "CALL",
   value: "0x0"
 }

[blukat29]

@yoomee1313 @JayChoi1736 PTAL