add new command patch

[zhzhuang-zju]

What type of PR is this?
/kind feature

What this PR does / why we need it:
add new command patch
Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
Parts of #5249

Special notes for your reviewer:

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?:

`karmadactl`: add new command `patch`  to update fields of a resource

[codecov-commenter]

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Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 0% with 5 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 31.26%. Comparing base (65f686e) to head (8cb9f42).
Report is 14 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
pkg/karmadactl/patch/patch.go	0.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
pkg/karmadactl/karmadactl.go	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

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Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master    #5463   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   31.25%   31.26%           
=======================================
  Files         642      643    +1     
  Lines       44431    44436    +5     
=======================================
+ Hits        13889    13891    +2     
- Misses      29534    29538    +4     
+ Partials     1008     1007    -1     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	31.26% <0.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️

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[zhzhuang-zju]

/retest

[RainbowMango]

/lgtm
/approve

[karmada-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: RainbowMango

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• OWNERS [RainbowMango]

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